Logical Reasoning Ability

I have known Mr. Avvijit Tandon as my student for the past one year. He is basically a creative person, always trying to present his ideas in a creative manner. He has a good logical reasoning ability and will always try to solve problems efficiently. In addition,he has demonstrated excellent powers of observation, and has the ability to communicate and suggest changes that were effective upon implementation. From the beginning of the course,he began to re-define our expectations of a good student leader.He regularly discussed with his fellow students about the subjects and brought in new ideas. Without prompting or precedence he spent several days working odd hours on his projects . Along the course he had an excellent sense of perception about the other subjects too, and improving the flow from one subject to the other and one concept to another concept – all to the great praise of both the staff and the fellow students in his class. He had also observed something about a co mmon aspect of the learning process that was applicable to all subjects at our department.He has written several assignments on our subjects, some of which have been excellent. He is always valued for his contribution and the skill and sensitivity with which he presented his ideas. Mr. Avvijit has also demonstrated his logical and analytical abilities in last one year. Being the COST ACCOUNTING teacher for Mr. Avvijit, I have seen him grow in communicative abilities tremendously over the last one year. His attentive listening and great enthusiasm has helped him overcome any language limitations.He is both self- confident and independent, and has a great sense of humor that has helped him form strong relationships peers, and members of our staff. In all of these areas, Mr. Avvijit has gone beyond expectations, and has out-shined all others in his peer-group at our college. He is a very admirable and ambitious person. I have no doubt that he will be a serious and enthusiastic student, and someday a successful person that you would be proud to call him an alumni. I wish him all the best in his higher education and strongly recommend him for Masters at your esteemed university.

Best Journal Article Award Essay

Academic journals are periodicals in which scholarly material relating to a certain academic discipline is published and reviewed. These peer-reviewed periodicals provide a platform through which new topics or ideas pertaining to that particular discipline can be introduced, researched and debated upon. The articles published are details of original research conducted by one or a group of stakeholders, reviews of book publications related to the discipline, and are therefore sometimes commonly referred to as professional magazines. They range from journals of science to applied technology, journalism, social sciences and humanities. In the professional circles, there is a habit of any willing interested party making unsolicited submissions of their research and discoveries, opinions or articles to these professional magazines. Usually, a bench of editors peruses the submitted entries to determine their quality and relevance and therefore choose which entries they are going to publish and those that are going to be published. Once an article has been published, any interested parties are free to respond either in support or criticizing the information published therein. This is what is called peer reviewing (Effs. org, 2009). Reviewing involves the checking of progress on the research of topics published in these professional journals. This process covers progressive research either on a long term or short term depending on the topic concerned. The reason for journal awards is that the prestige of an academic journal’s award establishes itself over time; the dominant academic journals consequently receive the highest number of submissions and are consequently the preferred choice of seeking the relevant information and opinion regarding a certain topical issue. It is for this reason that certain journals dominate over others in terms of relevancy and credibility. For example in the United States of America, the American Historical Review and the Journal of American History have been able to stamp their authority over most of the other related journals. The ranking of journals is based on the prestige derived from their accuracy, relevance and professional reverence of their most frequent contributors. In the fields of technology and applied science, it is easier to establish the top most journals but when it comes to the social sciences, it becomes very hard to rank these journals mostly on account of the diverse nature of the opinions available and the scope of the discipline. The approach used here is estimating the impact factor, that is counting the total number of submissions following the publishing of all particular original submissions and also counting the number of citations based on the publications (Carl, 2000). The duration through which submissions are continually cited, also called the half life, is an important criteria of gauging the impact of a particular journal. In virtually every professional discipline, it is very important that the industry players get a feedback to gauge the standards and the levels of professionally time over time. To increase competitiveness, progress and professional integrity, different foundations have initiated programs of awarding excellence (Clapp, 2003). Individuals who have demonstrated extraordinary professional standards are awarded depending on merit and this acts as a source of motivation to the recipients but also to their competitors and partners to put the specific industry on the course of achieving greater heights. The importance of the media on contemporary society cannot under any circumstances be underestimated. It is the media that is on the forefront of creating awareness on the most relevant topical issues directly affecting people. From politics to the economy, human rights to diseases and education, the influence of the media is the most significant. It is not a surprise that most people base their interpretation of topical issues almost always based on how the media has put the facts on paper (Wheeler, 2009). It is for this reason that there has been a lot of effort geared towards ensuring that the media is impartial, relevant and correct on the issues that are of most significance to society as its role in determining how they are received by society in general is insurmountable. To increase integrity in this important industry, very many civil, corporate, governmental and even private organizations have come up with numerous awards all aimed at rewarding excellence and increasing journalistic standards. Among these, perhaps the most significant is the award gala night organized by the International Centre for Journalists (ICJ). Each and every year, the ICT holds an award dinner in honor of the achievements and feats accomplished by its fellows. These awards honor those journalists who have, for the preceding year, demonstrated an extraordinary commitment to the cause and have exhibited the most commendable professional standards (Mackenzie, 2007). This colorful event brings together those journalism professionals from the United States of America as well as from overseas countries, who have made the headlines, constantly putting their lives and safety on the line to bring in the news as it is from the harshest and most hostile locations around the world. They are a perfect demonstration of a passionate commitment of excellent news collection and pointblank reporting. Another significant excellence award by the journalism industry is held by The Canadian Journalism Foundation. Started just over ten years ago, the Excellence in Journalism Award has continued to gain credibility over the years. It is now one of the most prestigious journalistic awards held annually and is the only award of its kind given to a media organization for exhibiting an overall excellence in journalistic performance (Chism, 2006). The Excellence in Journalism Award aims to recognize an outstanding dedication to the cause of journalism. Sponsored jointly by the Jackman Foundation and the Canadian Journalism Foundation, the Excellence in Journalism Award has the overall objective of embracing and enhancing the social and political ideals of citizenship under a working democratic system, rigor and professionalism in journalistic practice, honesty and independence in ideology, accuracy in information collection and accountability (Fredrick, 1995). The award also rewards initiative and an artistic flair in information presentation and clarity. The excellence in Journalism award has winners in two separate categories. One award is dedicated to small and medium sized media houses from the locality (that is within Canada) and the North American region while the second category is for the large national and international media houses. The next awards are scheduled to be held on the fifth day of March this year. The Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Journal Awards are the other main journalistic awards. Specifically targeting the radio broadcasting industry, he awards are aimed at recognizing those radio companies that have stood out from among their competitors in terms of successfully using the technology of Radio Frequency Identification. The RIFD journal, to ensure a relevant and trustworthy, has put in place a panel of qualified judges who undertake the work of evaluating all competitors and eventually choosing the winner (Burnett, 2000). The aim of these awards is to encourage the application of the radio frequency identification in radio broadcasting and award the winner in this sector. The RIFD has five distinct award categories fro the best implementers of the radio frequency identification technology, the company that has best used frequency identification to enhance their service and the quality of their service to their clients and a special achievement award (PressRelease. com, 2009). Other influential journals include the Harvard Law Review, The Academy of Management Journal and the American Journal of Sociology for the discipline of Social Sciences, the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences and the Proceedings of the Royal Society and Science in the area of general sciences. In the specific sciences, the leading journals are the Archives of Sexual behavior, Industrial Engineering and Industry Research and the Journal of the American Mathematical Society (Wankat, 2005). The reason why journals hold award giving events is to award leading contributors for their commitment and research in a particular discipline and therefore encouraging research and progress. The prestige of any intellectual society is directly derived from the relevance and applicability of their findings; therefore by awarding leading researchers, there is every potential of encouraging further leaders and nurturing the aspirations of future scholars and therefore ensuring intellectual continuity.

Sales Management Assignment Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Sales Management Assignment - Term Paper Example To begin, one can easily interact with customers through the free social sites and have them together so as to deliver relevant information to them. It is also possible to update the network as regular as possible. Sharing of customer experience and information may be enabled through the internet. There is an opening for business evaluation depending on the customers view. As this is done, there is a feeling of personal attachment that develops mutually. For instance a company like sumsung can effectively makes its marketing over the internet by advertising its products and issuing direct purchases from all over the world. Through the internet, it is possible to attract more customers with no limitation as long as the customer has connections with you. In fact, in case of social sites, all other friends and families will be able to see the information about the business. This enables more room for sharing leading to the growth of the network. Businesses can exploit this technology fo r promotion of their services and products1. Modification of features is possible through the internet hence relating as per current situation is possible. This can be father enhanced by customizing links and collaborating features within the website. Interaction with the customer is made more dependable with the provision of contacts and sharing of information via the inbox; this ensures a feeling of security with the individual customers. Through the social sites, there can be recorded an increase in the leads and sales. Enticing information may be included such as the offers available, new brands, among other information that may be required by the intended customers2. As such, the efficiency of this method as an advertising tool is fully realised among the users. There is the need to build trust so as to realise the advantages of using the internet t reach the customers. Disadvantages of building customer relation using the internet Security is the first issue with the internet technology in the world today. This is mostly due to hacking that has made most customers to doubt the payment procedures hence less commitments in line with the payments. Some companies which offer money transfers may be the victim in this case making the process harder. For instance, the use of visa cards has recorded froud in its transsuctions occasionally. The scale of the system is a limiting factor to some level. In case the system is made to accommodate a given number of customers then it so happens that the customers increase beyond the expected number then the business is set to shut down since there will be an overflow3. The cost of e-commerce must be calculated; the business must be in a good position to raise sufficient funds in order to accommodate the expenses incurred in using the internet. The product or service in question should also be evaluated so as to determine the loyalty of the customers. As such, the challenge comes where the customers targeted may want to h ave the real feel of the product rather than just the pictorial view of it. Vulnerability of business information to competitors becomes a major disadvantage in customer relation over the internet4. The cost of internet start up is also significantly high. In general, the intimacy of a one to one

Recession in British Car Industry Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Recession in British Car Industry - Case Study Example "He also said that we need to argue against this to avoid an irremediable loss of capacity, skills and technology." (Abbiss,2007). Critics within the car industry point out rescue package that jobs provided by stake are not up to the standard. Another reason of British car industry recession is those workers who work for dealerships either selling or servicing cars instead of manufacturing them. Due to recession not only industrial relations environment that has changed but the cars are also getting better day by day. In the past cars like Morris Marina Ital and the ghastly Austin Allegro were the horrible and shocking cars in terms of design and construction. There was a time when car industry had 40 percent of British car market that include car, truck and commercial vehicles manufacturers. The group had a confused but prominent range like Jaguar, Rover and Land Rover and best selling Mini, these models were slow to develop so that they can compete with the international car market. Before the global economy recession British cars were exported in huge numbers. Few British car manufacturers are now ready to claim that these manufacturers should not be aided by government on the fact that most of the British car industry is in foreign hands, and now British car industry is a victim of its own efficiency. In the beginning of the year factor... ready to claim that these manufacturers should not be aided by government on the fact that most of the British car industry is in foreign hands, and now British car industry is a victim of its own efficiency. In the beginning of the year factories from Sunderland to Swindon were giving out cars at an amazing rate. But slowly and gradually there was hardly anyone to buy them and the car industry had numbers of unsold cars due to the recession (BBC, 2009). Car manufacturers tried their best to attract their customer through their dealerships but they failed to achieve their goal as no one took advantage of this, and now number of vehicles remained unsold. As a result factory shutdowns increased in the country and the downfall of industry started. However, Nissan saved Sunderland after ship building industry buckled, but not others. The effect of recession on car industry is so much that it's production has fell immensely down from 47.5% to 58.7%(vehicles of private use) and from 56.7% to 59.9%(vehicles of commercial use).Therefore to avoid any further loss the Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders(SMMT) decided to shutdown Ford Aston Martin and Vauxhall for a short period of time while Toyota is also thinking to pause it's production. SMMT also demanded for an assistance of 2.3billion pound by the government. This decision was taken on 20th February 2009 (Hart, 2008). Then Chief executive of Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders(SMMT) Paul Everitt said that decline in car industry and it's production and the shutdowns of the industry has shown that it is hard to survive without the assistance of government. The effects of recession on car industry has reach to a critical stage, and due to this job cut down has been started for a

Performance Management in Organisations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Performance Management in Organisations - Essay Example The paper offers a thorough analysis of the performance management system (PMS). It provides the information about vital components of the PMS, namely, its objectives, stages of development, setting of company goals and standards, working on performance appraisal, communication, and training. The author proves that an effective performance management system enables an organisation to set targets, monitor implementation, and evaluate the performance of its employees. It provides a platform to the management for communicating with employees in order to evolve ways and means to increase productivity and efficiency of the organization as a whole. The research shows that a successful PMS facilitates an effective dialogue between employee and supervisor to enhance individual performance. In particular, it gives managers and supervisors opportunities for giving positive reinforcement to employees. In order to be effective and acceptable, performance appraisals should be fair, open, and posi tive with developmental objectives. The unique part of the work is that the notion of the PMS is studied not only theoretically, but also through the comparison of the PMSs of two institutions,a state secondary school and a haulage firm. The author creates performance appraisal sheets for measuring teachers' and managerial work. Appraisal parameters of teachers' performance are academic knowledge and communication skills, ability to prepare lesson plans and to deliver them. Appraisal parameters of managerial work are managerial, operational, administrative, and decision-making skills.

Personal Statement and Finance and Marketing Essay

Personal Statement and Finance and Marketing - Essay Example My current course required that we undertake assignments as part of the assessment process, and this often involved working alone undertaking primary and secondary research, or working as part of a team and practicing our project management skills. I found this an enjoyable experience as I was able to make a valuable contribution to the team for group assignments, and contribution is essential in the area of finance and marketing. By working on my own, I managed to enhance my problem solving and analytical skills, which are important in the business environment as there may not always be opportunities to contact or discuss with other members, but at the same time, it helped me make decisions and gain confidence in myself. Marketing also requires that an organisation and its individuals adapt to the current competitive climate as the market is no longer static. However, finance systems and management have also got to adapt to this dynamic environment and this is the area I have an int erest in. Financial management is essential to the development of a nation, as it affects various areas of government such as economics, trade, and international relations. Financial management is also the backbone of the microeconomic policies implemented in this country.

Contract law as practiced in Europe Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Contract law as practiced in Europe - Case Study Example The aim of this letter is to examine whether your wife has a chance of getting a favourable settlement in court if she decides to take legal action against you after all. The issue here is whether Penny's case will succeed if brought to court. In other words, will the case find you, Max Power, liable of paying Penny the money that you owe her for support for the past six months This is given the fact that the two of you are still legally married under the Irish Family Law Act 1995 and you having promised to support your wife who is unable to work because of the work place accident that she had five years ago. These are the questions I, as your legal adviser, will be trying to answer in this letter. As to whether Penny's case will succeed if it comes before any Irish family court, I strongly believe that your wife stands a higher chance of convincing the judge to force you to clear the outstanding balance and to continue paying her the monthly allowances. This is if she accuses you on other grounds apart from the current grounds of ostensibly breaking a contract. However, since she has opted to sue you for breaking a contract, I believe that her case does not stand a chance in a court of law in England. This is because there is no legal document that exists showing that the two of you entered in any form of contract. ... 3 In June 2008, you left for Dubai and left your wife alone at home 4 You verbally agreed to pay Penny support allowances of $1500 verbally and you did so for six months 5 In January 2009, you met Stacey Floodgates and soon took her in as your partner 6 Since January 2009, you defaulted on paying Penny her monthly allowances 7 Five years ago, Penny had an accident which left her unable to work, and so she had been relying on her husband's support payments for upkeep 8 The reason why Penny is suing you is because she believes that the contract between the two of you, though verbal, was binding Rule Statement and Rule Synthesis For a contract to be binding under the European code of conduct, there are some requirements that it has to meet. These are generally referred to as "the three c's" (Gordley, 2008). The first is the cause, whereby a reason should have emerged that required for the drafting of the contract (Gordley, 2008). The second is consideration. This is whereby the two parties must have identified the form of contract that is best to enter into to given their circumstances. The third and most important aspect of a contract in our case here is the consent (Gordley, 2008). This is an indication that the parties went through the contract and agreed to abide by the terms provided for there. This consent is indicated in form of a signature that is appended by both parties in the contract. Without a signature, leave alone without the written document, the contract is null and void, and nobody can be accused of breaching it. The only exception whereby an actual signature is not needed on the document is when the contract is done online (Orlando, 2009). But even these form of contracts, under the Irish law that governs electronic contracts,

MacDonald Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

MacDonald - Essay Example India has been chosen as the host country. The project tries to bring out the impacts cultural differences existing between India and USA has on the decision making, communication, leadership, teamwork and human resources in organizations. The company is known for its respect for culture of the place where is operates. The company has even developed a menu especially for India. This has been done with special emphasis on Indian culture and tastes. Culture consciousness of the company reflects from the fact that India is the only first nation in the world where the company does not offer pork or beef items. In fact MacDonald even had to re-engineer its operations in order to serve the requirements of the vegetarians of the country. The company ensures that the vegetable items are prepared separately using separate utensils and equipments. Separate preparation of vegetarian and non vegetarian items is maintained throughout all stages of procuring, cooking and serving (MacDonalds India, 2009, p.1). This reflects company’s respect for local culture where it operates. This tradition can be attributed to its popularity and success. Apart from abiding by the local cultures and traditions, the company is also said to e nhance their corporate responsibities. It provides employment opportunities to the Indian people and also provides bright career growth for them (MacDonalds India, 2009, p.1). Hofstede’s analysis has revealed that national cultures differ along four different dimensions. Power distance is the first among these. Power distance refers to the fact that each one in society has unequal power. In cultures characterised with high power distance people accept hierarchical organisational structures readily. In such cultures, power disparities exist among people as well. In such countries power remains in the hands of a few people only. On the contrary, cultures with low power distance have greater equality of power among people. Uncertainty

Video game controversy Essay Example for Free

Video game controversy Essay Introduction â€Å"FIFA†, â€Å"Battlefield†, â€Å"Grand Auto Theft†, these are some popular video games from the last decade. If you are born after 1990s, you definitely have heard or played one of these games. Video or computer games have rapidly growing for the last decade, especially for teenage boys, it is a necessity entertainment for them. As of 2001, roughly 79 percent of America’s youth played video games, many of them for at least eight hours a week. (Layton, Julia, 2008) However both mass media and researchers start to make concerns on that video games are affecting the behavior of our generation, of the way they think or distinguish things. So is video hazardous or is it just what the ideal public wanted it to be like? As for myself, I personally agree with what the media was concerning about. The main assumption the media are making is that video games are contributing inadequate message to teenagers, which made them receive information that they are not able to digest yet and let them believe the world in video games are the same as reality without any consequences. Gender inequality still happen? â€Å"In mass media, male characters appear more frequently, talk significantly more, and engage in noted behaviors more, such as achieving and showing leadership†(Thompson Zerbinos, 1995). Women are usually recognized as subordinate and passive dependent to men. (Yi Mou Wei Peng, 2008) Basically all the popular video games are made for men. â€Å"FIFA†, â€Å"NBA†, â€Å"Grand Auto Theft† are all men game, the first two are sports game, and there is girls leagues however they are not making for girls due to small market share so that they cannot have one sport game that using their favorite players to play instead have to play the men one or choose not to play. In the game â€Å"Biohazard†, the story line has one girl character, even so she is just a subordinate of the other men character, she needs to follow what the men order is and cannot work alone because men are the leader and they have the power. When teenagers play these sorts of games, they might tend to start not to respect girls since they saw in game that they have all the power and girls cannot overrule them. It is unlikely for teenagers to identify right or wrong when different resources have different answers. Gender stereotyping When you see a black man on the street, your natural reactions are to try to avoid any contact with them because deep in your mind, you have this image implied that they are most likely criminal. According to my research, black men are more likely to be portrayed as criminal; Asian men and girl are usually portrayed as culturally ignorant and submissive. (Yi Mou Wei Peng, 2008) In the game â€Å"Grand Auto Theft†, game character are mostly brown and black men, it hardly will be a white person, when you keep playing it, it will be likely that you have already convey this image that most of the brown and black men were bad people. In addition, teenagers who played a lot of video games received this image might easily get affected by it and will lose the chance to think critically, also lack of knowledge or direct contact with these race made their attitude stronger and have misunderstanding once they saw them. Starting from ancient time, women usually work as a prostitute. In Dietz’s (1998) study shows that women are likely generally in four stereotypes, which is sex objects or prizes, victims, feminine role or heroes and action character. It is not surprising that 28% of women character were portrayed as sex objects based upon physical appearance or sexually-oriented actions. (Yi Mou Wei Peng, 2008) You may argue that women are portrayed or treated as this were a while before, and it can trace back to long time ago, in addition it will not be because of video games. However, in a YouTube video that shows a video game named â€Å"Grand Auto Theft†, there is scene or gameplay that the character could find a hooker and have sexual conduct with him. (GTA 5 Sex with hooker, 2013)Children and Teenagers brains usually are still developing, and that made them more easily to receive whatever information they get from video games. In addition, it may lead to teenagers who are not mentally ready for it and will not be able to differentiate if it is logical or not. So this brings to my question before, does video games affect how women are portrayed? I would said it is, it is true that women got more attention and get respect more nowadays, but if they created this sort of scene in a video game, it means that they have no reflection. Also they have made the situation worse than before because they have insert scene, which should have a parent guide before teenagers play, in order to that, they let them to gain access to it way too easy and may eventually encourage them to start of prostituting. Dream or reality. â€Å"A game can be more fun when you get the chance to act and be like your ideal self† explained by social psychologist Dr. Andy Przybyisk. (Nauert, Rick, 2011) Studies have been said that people play video games to try and get close to an† ideal self† and not to escape reality is not true, allowing them to play a new identity will make themselves feel better such as increasing their self esteem. (Mail Outline, 2011) From my research, it said people do not watch television like playing video games. They interact with them; games are also based on reward system. So when we started played in video games, we may attach personally feelings and insensibly involved too much and start losing our true identity and eventually become very addict to the character in game and cannot extricate them. Since reward from these games are high and gamers might get what they cannot get in reality, the respect or the attention that they could not earned. That is why they want to seek all of this in game, in addition losing themselves in video games and might not even be able to know which one is reality or dream. One Taiwanese teenage played forty hours video game without eating and sleeping are a good example at how he is losing his own identity during his game. He is playing a game named â€Å"Diablo III†, which his identity character in the game do not need to eat or sleep. In addition time passed by so fast and he is extremely concentrated on adapting to his new identity, he completely forgot about reality, which later he cannot escape it anymore. (Andy, 2011) In conclusion, video games do affect a children growing healthily for now. However I do not think it will be a good idea to kick this entertainment away from teenagers. In the 1950s, lots of people blamed comic books for kids’ behavior, but look at where has it become now. â€Å"Batman†, â€Å"Superman†, â€Å"Iron Man†, these classic comic who once was getting blamed on turned into a great movie one after another. â€Å"Entertainment has always made a great scapecoat†. It has been blamed by years. Although I do agree that company need to carefully produce their product, I think that people have responsibility too. As I stated before, a teenagers died from playing over forty hours of game, to be honest, before doing anything you should have known where your limits are and you should been able to control it. It is similar to eating, if you eat or drink way over what your body should absorb then for sure you will get fat or diabetes from it. However at this moment It has derivative too big of a problem that makes people worry about such as shootings from The United States, teenagers died from gaming a numerous time. I understand it is nearly impossible to control every bodies mind, despite that; company should create games that could pursuit our happiness and at the same time be responsible to the society. Point being is to balance the work that they are doing, mass media are always concerns about public safety, if the public are getting threatened by it, they will use all of their power to try tear you apart, media influence is extremely strong, so if they can show a good balance between games and society, when they got trust then video games will definitely last forever as a good entertainment to teenagers. Yi Mou Wei Peng(2008). Gender and Racial Stereotypes in Popular Video Games IGI Global, 922-937 GTA 5 Sex with a hooker (2013). Retrieved from http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=VM1d5icyHVA Layton,Julia(2008) â€Å"Do violent video games lead to real violence? † HowStuffworks Retrieved from http://electronics. howstuffworks. com/video-game-violence. htm Nauert, Rick (2011) â€Å" Playing with Personality and esteem in video games† Psychcentral. Retreived from http://psychcentral. com/news/2011/08/04/playing-with-personality-and-esteem-in-video-games/28349. html Kilhefner, Johnny(2013) â€Å"Identity Crisis: The Search for Character and Self in Videogames†. Retrieved from http://www. popmatters. com/feature/163393-dolls-and-characters-in-video-games/ â€Å"Video gamers play to ‘adopt’ a new identity and experience superpowers(2011) MailOnline. Retrieved from.

Import and Export Essay Example for Free

Import and Export Essay Physical Exports: If the goods physically go out of the country or services are rendered outside the country then it is called as physical export. Deemed Exports: Where the goods do not go out of the country physically they can be termed as deemed exports. This will be subject to certain conditions as prescribed by the DGFT. Under Deemed Exports, the goods may be supplied to the manufacturer exporter who ultimately export a finished product of which this supply forms a part and ultimately go out of the country. E.g.  Supply of fabrics to the garment exporter who exports the garments made out of the said fabric. The government may announce from time to time the types of supplies that may be considered as deemed export. The Foreign Trade Policy gives the list of supplies considered under the Deemed Export Category. The policies and procedures are different for Physical Exports and Deemed Exports as also the benefits available. In a nutshell, Deemed Exports do not enjoy all the benefits that are available under Physical Export. The Foreign Trade defines exports as taking out of India any goods by land, sea, air. Although the act does not term them as â€Å"Physical Exports†, we have to put phrase to distinguish it from â€Å"Deemed Exports† which is sales in India but considered as exports for limited purpose. Types of Exporters: Exporters can be basically classified into two groupsManufacturer Exporter: As the exporter has the facility to manufacturer the product he intends to export and hence he exports the products manufactured by him. Merchant Exporter: An exporter who does not have the facility to manufacture an item. But, he procures the same from other manufacturers or from the market and exports the same. An exporter can be both a manufacturer exporter as well as a merchant exporter, he can export product manufactured by him or he can export items bought from the market. Once it is decided to export, it is mandatory on your part to follow certain procedures, rules and regulations as prescribed by various regulatory authorities such as DGFT, RBI, and Customs. These procedures, rules and regulations are laid down in the Exim Policy 2004-09, Exchange Control Manual, Customs Act etc. Accordingly Export documents are required to be prepared keeping in view of the requirement of the foreign buyers and our regulatory authorities. INCOTERMS 2013 What Incoterms Rules Are 11 terms of shipment and delivery provided by the International Chamber of Commerce for use in contracts for the business-to-business sales/purchases of tangible, portable goods, for implementation 1/1/11. Legacy to a long tradition of international use since 1936. Written to reflect rather than dictate trade practice. Always abbreviated by a three character English language acronym. Always accompanied by a geographic place the more precise the better. Updated to reflect current trade practice Used exclusively in sales/purchase contracts (we’ll call these â€Å"sales contracts†). Increasingly considered as a replacement for the former Uniform Commercial Code shipment and delivery terms (UCC §2-319 through  §2-324) What Incoterms Rules Aren’t Law. They must be specified in order to apply. All inclusive cannot address such issues as customary operations of carriers, ports, trades, government regulations, etc. What Incoterms Rules Do Divide costs, risks and responsibilities between sellers and buyers. ï‚ · Guide one or the other party into subsidiary contracts required to fulfill designated tasks such as contracts of carriage and contracts of insurance. What Incoterms Rules Don’t Do Address passage of title. Address recognition of revenue. Address remedies for breach of contract. Address more than one contract. (drop shipments) Refer to â€Å"ship’s rail† which changes the delivery point for FOB, CFR, CIF. Incoterms ® is a registered trademark of the International Chamber of Commerce, registered in several countries and used with permission. Definitions Delivery: indicates where the risk of loss passes from seller to buyer. Shipment contract a type of sales/purchase contract under which the seller’s responsibility ends when the contract goods have been handed over to a carrier (i.e., the seller delivers by shipping). EXW, FCA, FAS, FOB,  CPT, CIP, CFR and CIF Incoterms rules are used in shipment contracts. Arrival contract: a type of sales/purchase contract under which the seller’s responsibility ends when the goods have arrived at the agreed place (i.e., the seller delivers when goods arrive). DAT, DAP and DDP Incoterms ® rules are used in arrival contracts. Liner terms: carrier loads and unloads vessel (used with waterborne transport). Ex Works (EXW) + Named Place (place where the shipment originates usually the seller’s premises) Breakdown:  Seller: have goods available when promised and packaged to the extent known or agreed. Buyer: everything else (pre-carriage, export clearance, main carriage, import clearance, on-carriage) Free Carrier (FCA) + Named Place (either place where shipment originates usually the seller’s premises or another place on the seller’s side.) Breakdown: A) When accompanied by the place where the shipment originates Seller: have goods available when promised, packaged to the extent known or agreed, load collecting vehicle, export clearance. Buyer: everything else (pre-carriage, main carriage, import clearance, on-carriage) B) When accompanied by another place on the seller’s side Seller: have goods available when promised, packaged to the extent known or agreed, load delivering vehicle, pre-carriage, export clearance. Buyer: everything else (unload delivering vehicle, main carriage, import clearance, on-carriage) Carriage Paid To (CPT) + Named Place (on the buyer’s side) Breakdown: Seller: deliver the goods appropriately packaged to the carrier for transportation to the named place of destination and pay all transport costs thereto. (The seller delivers at the first carrier unless specified otherwise in the sales contract.), export clearance. Buyer: unloading, import clearance, on carriage Carriage And Insurance Paid To (CIP) + Named Place (on the buyer’s side) Breakdown: Seller: as with CPT except seller must also provide at least minimum cover insurance in such a manner that the buyer can claim directly from the insurer Buyer: unloading, import clearance, on carriage Delivered At Terminal (DAT) + Named Place (terminal on buyer’s side) Breakdown: Seller: export clearance, deliver the goods appropriately packaged and unloaded at the named destination terminal and pay all transport costs thereto. Buyer: import clearance, on carriage Delivered At Place (DAP) + Named Place (on the buyer’s side) Breakdown: Seller: export clearance, deliver the goods appropriately packaged at the named destination and pay all transport costs thereto. Buyer: unloading, import clearance, on carriage Delivered Duty Paid (DDP) + Named Place (on the buyer’s side) Breakdown: Seller: export clearance, deliver the goods appropriately packaged and cleared for import at the named destination and pay all transport costs thereto. Buyer: unloading, on carriage Free Alongside Ship (FAS) + Named Place (alongside a vessel at port on the seller’s side) Breakdown: Seller delivers goods appropriately export packed alongside the buyer-designated vessel at the port on the seller’s side, export clearance. Buyer: everything else (vessel loading, main carriage, import clearance, on carriage) Free On Board (FOB) + Named Place (loaded on a vessel at a port on the seller’s side) Breakdown: Seller delivers goods appropriately export packed on board the buyer-designated vessel at the port on the seller’s side, export clearance. Buyer: everything else (main carriage, import clearance, on carriage) Cost And Freight (CFR) + Named Place (a port on the buyer’s side) Breakdown: Seller delivers goods appropriately export packed on board the seller-designated vessel at the port on the seller’s side and pays transportation costs to the agreed port on the buyer’s side, export clearance. Buyer: everything else (vessel unloading import clearance, on carriage) Cost Insurance And Freight (CIF) + Named Place (a port on the buyer’s side) Breakdown: Seller: as with CFR except seller must also provide at least minimum cover insurance in such a manner that the buyer can claim directly from the insurer Buyer: everything else (vessel unloading import clearance, on carriage) CASE STUDY: You are the exporter. Your factory is situated 100 km from the port. Products can be moved by rail to port for loading, port facilities are good. Insurance is easily arranged. Your country is stable. Ships are available for shipment. What delivery terms would you suggest for sales of your product for the following countries. Country A: Good infrastructure Efficient inland transportation Known for labor dispute Country B: Excellent inland transportation Port congestion from 10 to 90 days Country C: Good port facilities Efficient inland transportation Buyer not reliable Country D: None of the above disadvantages Country is stable Buyer is reliable SHIPPING DOCUMENTS SELLER Invoice: includes value of the cargo, details related to payment, customs duties, insurance claims, declaration of permits and L/C negotiations Types of invoices: †¢Ã‚  Commercial invoice †¢Ã‚  Proforma invoice †¢Ã‚  Consular invoice †¢Ã‚  Customs invoice †¢Ã‚  Non-commercial value invoice Packing list: This statement gives the packing details of the goods in prescribed format. It is very useful document for customs at the time of examination and warehouse keeper of the buyer to maintain a record of inventory and to effect delivery. Essential contents: †¢Ã‚  Description †¢Ã‚  Measurement †¢Ã‚  Quantity Certificate of origin: The certificate issued by local chamber of commerce indicates that the goods which are being exported are actually manufactures in a specific country mentioned therein. It is sent by the exporter to the importer and is useful for clearance of goods from the customs authority of importing country. CARRIERS Bill of Lading (B/L): The document issued by shipping company acknowledging the receipt of goods mentioned in the bill for shipment on board or vessel. The B/L is the legal document to be referred in case of any dispute over the shipment. B/L can be a negotiable document. It contains: †¢Ã‚  The shipping companys name and address †¢Ã‚  The consignees name and address †¢Ã‚  The port of loading and port of discharge †¢Ã‚  Shipping marks and particulars †¢Ã‚  Number of packages and goods †¢Ã‚  Gross weight and net weight †¢Ã‚  Freight details and name of the vessel †¢Ã‚  Signature of the shipping companys agent  Common types of B/L †¢Ã‚  Clean  dirty  stale †¢Ã‚  Through/Tran-shipment †¢Ã‚  Combine transport †¢Ã‚  Master †¢Ã‚  House Airway Bill: The receipt issued by Airlines Company or its agent for carriage  of goods is a contract between the owner of the goods and the carrier. It is a proof of receipt/booking, does not specify loading. Buyer Shipping guarantee (if necessary): Shipping Guarantee is given by the buyer in support of clearing cargo with put B/L. It also protects the carrier against any fraud and indemnify against any claims. CARGO INSURANCE Cargo insurance is the document obtained from the freight forwarder used to assure the consignee that insurance will cover the loss of damage to the cargo during transit. Reasons for Insurance: Protection against risk Prevent financial loss Requirement by bank e.g. L/C term Selling on certain term e.g. CIF Carrier limited liability Reduced business anxiety Documents necessary for claim: Companys cover letter Original policy Shipping invoice Packing list Original B/L or AWB Survey report Landing Account (unloading/discharge report) PAYMENT MODES: Advance Credit account Consignment sale Documentary collection 1. Document Against Payment (D/P): Supplier ship goods and forward bill of exchange to buyers bank through his own bank. No credit involved and buyer obtain title of goods after payment. 2. Document Against Acceptance (D/A): Supplier ship goods and forward bill of exchange to buyers bank through his own bank. Credit period involved and buyer obtain title of goods before payment. Letter of credit (L/C)  It is the letter of undertaking by importers bank to pay overseas exporter against exporters shipping document. Shipping document must strictly adhere to the terms and conditions of the L/C. L/C Procedures: Sales contract between seller and buyer Buyer open L/C with the issuing bank Issuing bank sends L/C to advising bank Advising bank sends L/C to seller Seller ship cargo Seller presents documents to negotiation bank for payment Negotiating bank checks documents and forward to issuing bank Issuing bank checks and pay to negotiating bank Negotiating bank pays to Seller Buyer pays issuing bank Issuing bank releases shipping documents to buyer Buyer uses issuing documents to clear cargo Types of L/C: Revocable Irrevocable 1. Confirmed 2. unconfirmed Red clause Revolving Transferable Back to back Advantages Secure Financial assistance Bank control and hold title to goods Seller receives payment before buyer receives goods Disadvantage Over reliance on shipping documentation No physical inspection of goods Bank not familiar with shipping practices Subject to fraud Very costly ADVANTAGES OF EXPOT BUSINESS Creating goodwill between nations with divergent interests. Exchange of goods unavailable overseas Enhance domestic competitiveness Increase sales and profits Gain global market share Exploit corporate technology and know-how Extend sales potential of existing product Stabilize seasonal market fluctuations Enhance potential for corporate expansion Sell excess production capacity Gain information about foreign competition CHALLENGES IN EXPOT BUSINESS Political and commercial risk Compliance to foreign regulations and standards cultural and language differences Non payment by foreign buyer Currency exchange rates Damage to goods in transit intellectual property rights

Defining And Analysing Computer Crimes

Defining And Analysing Computer Crimes Computer crime comes in many different forms and can cause serious amounts of damage. It has been around as long as the computer has and criminals are always finding new ways to beat the system. With the constant advancements in technology, it has become easier for criminals to hide information about their crime. Evidence is now handled and collected differently than it was in the past and requires a significant amount of careful forensic investigation. What is computer crime? Computer crime is illegal activity that is committed on the internet or through networks. The department of justice has three separate categories in which computer crime can be labeled. The first category is attacking computers of others, such as spreading a virus. The second category is using the computer to commit a crime which could also be committed the physical world, such as fraud or illegal gambling. The third and last category is using the computer to store stolen or illegal information (Citizenship.org). There are several different types of computer crime committed in the world today. Of those include: fraud, identity theft, phishing scams, malware, viruses, cyber stalking, and child pornography. Computer crime has been around for nearly two centuries, with the first ever recorded occurring in the year 1820 (hubpages.com). With the continual advancements in technology, it has been made easier for criminals to hide information about their crimes. Cyber crimes are handled differently than they have in the past because of this fact. When computers are attacked, it can completely alter the system and most times it will even cause damage. Also, computers that have been attacked have the capability to spread the attack to other systems within the same network (CERT.org). Statistics on Computer crime According to Minnesotas Internet Crime Complaint Center (IC3) 2008 Internet Crime Report, a total of 3,578 complaints came in. There are several different categories that the complaints are separated into. To name a few of those categories, there is check fraud, hacking, credit card fraud, Nigerian letter fraud, and identity theft. Here are some statistics that were collected during the year 2008: Non Delivery of Merchandise/Payment was the top complaint and accounted for 31.9% of all internet crime called in. Auction fraud came in second accounting for 27.5% of all internet fraud 78.5% of all perpetrators were male Within the country, California is the home to the largest percentage of perpetrators accounting for 15.8% Of the world, the United States is home to 66.1% of all perpetrators This is just a small percentage of the statistics I discovered when visiting the website of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (fbi.org). According to the IC3, the rate of computer crime continues to climb as the years pass by. The group has been collecting information and statistics on internet crime for the past three years in hopes to find trends among perpetrators and crimes committed in order to better solve the crimes of the future. Hacking: What is it? The term hacking has several different meanings and it means different things to different generations. In the 1950s and 1960s, computer programmers viewed hacking as an intellectual exercise and prefer to use the term cracking instead in order to separate themselves with the negative connotation that came along with being considered a hacker. The younger generation feels that hackers of today are doing the real work of exploration which was made necessary due to the prior generation selling out (Thomas). According to the dictionary, the official definition of hacker is a computer enthusiast and a microcomputer user who attempts to gain unauthorized access to proprietary computer systems (dictionary.com). Hacking has its own meaning to different people. To some its a means of exploration and education; to others its more about playing childish, but costly, pranks on people and companies (Thomas). Hacking Then Hackers of the 1960s and 1970s were found to be university graduate students with a profound interest in computers. Hacking grew to be quite popular in the labs of well respected colleges such as the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cornell, and Harvard. Students would play around with computers on their college campus and solve problems that eventually led to the creation of the personal computer. It was the birth of something that would lead to a new culture of innovative technological advances. Those who were able to hack were considered to be computer geniuses or nerds, rather than hackers (Thomas). Hacking Now Hackers of today are commonly found to be in their teenage years. The reason for such age difference between the times is that fifty to sixty years ago, you could only find computers on college campuses whereas today, it is uncommon to find a household that does not own at least one computer. They are more readily available for young children not yet in college to dupe around with. Technology today is also very different than it used to be. There are now passwords and PIN numbers in order to protect the user from having any information stolen. Security is stronger now, which is good for the common users of online systems such as eBay, online banking, or any other accounts which are password protected. However, as Thomas clearly states, security today is a double-edged sword. Although people are more protected, it also protects the hackers from becoming easily identified (Thomas). Hackers are able to take advantage of this and often continue to hack into systems of major companies, or even your personal computer at home. It seems that hacking was something more positive 60 years ago. It was used to discover new technology and helped to design and create more advanced machines and programs for people to use. It was something great that only those who were quite knowledgeable were capable of doing. However, with such great accomplishments, it has been made easier for the younger generation to turn the term hacker into something negative. Thomas describes these hackers as new-school hackers and soon a new hacking culture was born. Soon, hackers of the new generation began to use their knowledge against the world. They would meet to share what they have learned and would develop new ways to attack systems (Thomas). This new generation would turn hacking into crime that so many were willing to commit. Ethical Evaluation of Hacking From what it seems, hacking can be used to do both good and bad, which may make one wonder whether or not it can be viewed as ethical. I have always assumed that hacking was a bad thing and went along with its ever common negative connotation. I feel that people hack into systems to steal information from another party; whether it be a large corporations secret files, or your next door neighbors bank account. From what Ive studied so far, hackers from the past acted on a more ethical basis than the hacker of today. They used their knowledge for the better and acted on good will to try and find new ways to improve the age of computers. In order to really dig into it, I studied the ethics of hacking using two different working ethical theories; Kantianism and the Social Contract Theory. Hacking and Kantianism Kantianism has a lot to do with good will and the desire to do the right thing. The reason for doing a certain act, in this case hacking, should cultivate the desire to what is right. There are two categorical imperatives correlated with this theory. The first states that if you act on moral rule, you must first see how it will affect the universal more laws. This means that before you commit an act, first think about what would happen if everyone were to commit this same act (Quinn). To put this into perspective, hackers basically break security barriers to obtain information which they are probably not allowed to see in the first place. If there is a rule that makes it okay for everyone to break security barriers, it would completely defeat the purpose of having a secure system set up in the first place. There would no longer be such a thing as unauthorized information. Everyone would be allowed to somehow break in to the system and read it. The company might as well just display t his information freely, for the world to see. This would not be right as the information is protected for a reason. It is for certain peoples eyes, and their eyes only and is not for anyone else to see. The second categorical imperative states that you should treat both yourself and other as ends in themselves and not as a means to an end. This basically states that it is unethical to use someone for your benefit (Quinn). When relating this to the act of hacking, it tells us that we need to respect others and their right to privacy. When a hacker breaks into a system, they are using other peoples information to their benefit. They are invading privacy to get what they want, which is personal information. The first categorical imperative seems to correspond better with the topic, but both imperatives basically state the hacking is an unethical act. It is not right to disrespect people or to treat them unfairly, and when hacking occurs, that is exactly what happens. Therefore, according to the Kantianism, hacking is deemed to be unethical Hacking and the Social Contract Theory The social contract takes place in a civilized society and is based upon two things. The first thing is that there is an establishment of moral rules to govern relations among citizens. The second thing is that there must be a government capable of enforcing such rules. The social contract theory states, Morality consists in the set of rules, governing how people are to treat one another; that rational people will agree to accept, for their mutual benefit, on the condition that others follow those rules as well. This contract suggests that no man has authority over another and that no one lives above the law. The community is supposed to determine the rules for its members, and all who is part of that community must abide by such rules. In order for this theory to work, the laws must not only be stated, but enforced as well. This will prevent anyone from trying to cheat the system (Quinn). If hacking were to ever be considered socially acceptable, it would almost defeat the purpose of having secure systems. People would have the right to invade other peoples privacy and basically steal what does not belong to them. This type of crime is not accepted in the physical world, so why should we choose to accept it in cyberspace? The answer to that is we should not. The social contract theory has much to do with respect for yourself and respect for others. It is not very respectful to be deceitful and steal information or items which do not belong to you. Therefore, according to the social contract theory, hacking is deemed to be unethical. How Does the FBI control Cyber Crime? The Federal Bureau of Investigation has a four-fold method that works to control and eliminate cyber crime. The first step in this process is to stop those behind the most serious computer invasions and the spread of malevolent code. Second, they must identify and put a stop to online sexual predators that use the internet to meet and exploit children and to produce, possess, or share child pornography. The third step is to counteract operations that target United States intellectual property, endangering our national security and competitiveness. Lastly, dismantle national and transnational organized criminal enterprises engaging in internet fraud (fbi.gov). Computer invasions are not taken lightly and it is very important that the FBI work to control such a crime. Here are some facts taken from the Federal Bureau of Investigation website on how serious these cyber crimes are taken: A Cyber Division at FBI Headquarters to address cyber crime in a coordinated and cohesive manner Specially trained cyber squads at FBI headquarters and in each of the 56 field offices, staffed with agents and analysts who protect against investigate computer intrusions, theft of intellectual property and personal information, child pornography and exploitation, and online fraud New Cyber Action Teams that travel around the world on a moments notice to assist in computer intrusion cases and that gather vital intelligence that helps us identify the cyber crimes that are most dangerous to our national security and to our economy; 93 Computer Crimes Task Forces nationwide that combine state-of-the-art technology and the resources of our federal, state, and local counterparts; A growing partnership with other federal agencies, including the Department of Defense, the Department of Homeland Security, and others-which share similar concerns and resolve in combating cyber crime. There are different levels of cyber crime, but we can never be too careful when it comes to protecting our people and our national security. There are several different ways of course in which the FBI will take action and that all depends on the type of cyber crime that is being committed. For example if it is trying to catch an online predator, a sting operation will be created and a member of the FBI will pose as a young child in hopes that someone will fall in to the trap. The FBI is full of highly trained professionals that know what they are doing and work their hardest to catch anyone who is being unlawful. How is Cyber Crime Different Than Physical Crime? Crime that takes place on in cyberspace is quite similar to physical crime. It is a person using their knowledge to break into another someone elses personal property. There are several laws against both types of crimes, and the penalties are just as harsh in the cyber crime world as they are in the physical. Also, both of them have the potential to cause a lot of harm and damage to others. The difference between the two is the way that the victims, or potential victims, feel about such cyber and physical crime. In recent surveys, it states that more people believe that their chances of being victims of cyber crime are much higher than being victims of physical crime. Many people are scared to participate in online banking or to shop online in fear of someone intercepting and hacking into their accounts. Also, it has been found that people are very cautious when it comes to documents that contain personal information on them by completely destroying them or assuring that they are safely stored (crime-research.org). According to a survey conducted by IBM, more than half of the businesses located in the United States believe that cyber crime is more costly to them than physical crime. The ways in which it costs them are through lost revenue, loss of current and prospective customers, and loss of employee productivity (allaboutroimag.org). Conclusion Cyber crime and hacking have been around for many years to date. It is something that developed as soon as the computing machine did. There have always been computer geniuses out there to use their knowledge for good, along with bad. After doing a lot of research and in my ethical evaluations, I have concluded that hacking is an unethical act. What started out as something that seemed like a good thing, quickly turned bad as soon as the personal computer became widely available. People began to use their knowledge against others and today we are faced with more cyber crime than ever. It is important for us and our government to keep it under control as it can cause a lot of damage to anyone who becomes a victim.

Islam Essay -- essays research papers fc

Prospectus: The Conflict Between Modern and Traditional Islam Thesis:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Over the last decade the Islamic Religion has been making the change from a traditional society to a more modern society. With the wars over religion and the world as a whole making changes, many Islamic families are discovering that they are attached to their traditional views, but to keep up with the constantly changing world they are wondering if being modern and â€Å"American† is the way to a more productive live. Description of project: The central conflict in Islamic life today has been between modern and traditional views of the Islamic religion. The world has been changing so drastically over the last few decades, that it has caused the Islamic religion to become more modern rather than traditional. There is much conflict between traditional and modern views of Islam. I feel that with the high pace of today’s society Islam has become more modern. Many would like to keep the views and practices in a more traditional manner but with the constant hustle and bustle of society it is somewhat impossible for Muslims of today’s time to continue to practice in a strict traditional way. Bibliography: Afkar http://www.islam-online.net/english/index.shtml   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1999-2002 Islam online This particular website does two things it provides Islam history as well as contemporary ideas and how they are linked together. Ahlul Baht Digital Islamic Library Project. July 23, 1997   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  http://al-islam.org   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This website looks at Islamic beliefs and practices as well as Islamic history and current events. Alavi, Karima Diane. â€Å"Turning to the Islamic Faith.† America. 186 (March 2002):   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ebscohost. 20 paragraphs. Missouri Western State College Library. 4 March   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2002.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  http://www.mwsc.edu/~libww/. Reflects on the response of American Muslims to the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks on the U.S. View that the hijackers twisted the ideals of Islam. Ali, M. Amir, Ph. D. http://www.iiie.net/islamicbeliefs.html   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2000. This website is mainly used for research on Islamic culture and contemporary issues. It also deals with Muslims in American life. Beverly, James A. â€Å"Is Islam a Religion of Pe... ...nbsp;Ebscohost. 4 paragraphs. Missouri Western State College Library. 23   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  February 2002.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  http://www.mwsc.edu/~libww/. Reports on the views of religious broadcaster Pat Robertson on Islam. Smith, Jane I. Islam in America. Columbia University Press. New York. 2000. This book gives a detailed description of what the life of an Islam is like in America in the 20th and 21st century. Wakin, Daniel J. â€Å"Ranks of Latinos Turning to Islam are increasing.† New York Times.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  (January 2002): Ebscohost. 17 paragraphs. Missouri Western State College   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Library. 2 January 2002.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  http://www.mwsc.edu/~libwww/. Focuses on the Alianza Islamica, an organization of Latino Muslims in New York City. Specific issues faced by Latino Muslims, including treatment by Arab Muslims and fellow Latinos. Wolfe, Micheal. â€Å" Islam: The next American Religion?† Beliefnet Columnist.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  http://aol.beliefnet.com This website article discusses how the United States used to be a haven for Christian outcast, but that Islam may be the â€Å"new† religion.

Egocentric Subjectivism and the Universal Consciousness :: Philosophy Research Papers

Egocentric Subjectivism and the Universal Consciousness It was at the beginning of my vacation that I realised the world was not all it appeared to be. Up until now, I had always accepted that the world was a collection of material objects independent of myself. As I sit in the airport lounge waiting for my flight, it now seems that everything I see is nothing more than a series of images projected in my mind. The lounge is like a stage set and people, like characters in a film, pass by and disappear. The world, or rather my world, is simply that which exists in my mind, but has no material existence in my mind. Does that mean that the objects of the world have no existence outside my mind? My understanding of existence is what my mind reasons it to be. Even if someone tells me what existence is to them, I must still consider their comments in the context of my own knowledge and interpret it as what existence means to me. For example, a passenger in the airport lounge complains that a flight delay will lose him a valuable contract. I know what the loss of a contract means, but only because I can relate it to my own experience of a similar situation. I then make an assumption that it means the same to him, but I cannot be certain of that. I can only know what existence means to me, and it is egocentric subjectivism that takes this to its ultimate limit. My world and everything in it are dependent on my mind for its existence and without my mind that world would not exist. Despite this reasoning, it does seem that I am moving about within a three-dimensional world. Movement itself can be illusory depending on what is believed to be stationary. When I arrived at Zurich I boarded a train and waited to travel on to my destination. A train on the next track also stood waiting. Before long we were off and I watched the carriages of the other train swiftly disappear from view as we gained speed. As we passed the last carriage, I saw that we were still in the station and realised that it was the other train moving and not ours. However, when the train made its way around the mountains and up into the Alps, it did seem as if there was a three-dimensional space through which it moved.

Social Reformers of India

Mahatma Gandhi: (2 October 1869 – 30 January 1948) (Father of the Nation, Rashtrapita, ) was the pre-eminent political and spiritual leader of India during the Indian independence movement. He was the pioneer of satyagraha—resistance to tyranny through mass civil disobedience, firmly founded upon ahimsa or total non violence—which led India to independence and inspired movements for civil rights and freedom across the world. Gandhi led nationwide campaigns to ease poverty, expand women's rights, build religious and ethnic amity, end untouchability, and increase economic self-reliance. Above all, he aimed to achieve Swaraj or the independence of India from foreign domination. for main article go to Virchand Gandhi Virchand Gandhi:Virachand Raghav Gandhi (Gujarati: ; VRG 1864–1901) was from Mahuva . He is 19th Century Indian patriot who was friend of Mahatma Gandhi and contemporary to Swami Vivekanand. He and swami vivekananda drew equal attention at the first World Parliament of Religions in Chicago in 1893 . He won a silver medal in same . His statue still stands at the Jain temple in Chicago. He was key member of Indian National Congress . And as a reformer established a] Gandhi Philosophical Society, b] Society for the Education of Women in India (SEWI). Under the banner of SEWI, several Indian women came to U. S. A. for higher studies. c] School of Oriental Philosophy, d] Jain Literature Society in London. . And he delivered 535 lectures in USA and europe. He also died at young age of 37 alike Swami Vivekanand. Today Govt. of India has recognised his service by issuing Postal Stamp in his memory. for main article go to Swami Vivekanand Swami Vivekanand: (January 12, 1863–July 4, 1902) He was the founder of Ramakrishna Mission. Vivekananda is considered to be a major force in the revival of Hinduism in modern India. He is considered a key figure in the introduction of Vedanta and Yoga in Europe and America. He introduced Hinduism at the Parliament of the World's Religions at Chicago in 1893. for main article go to Swami Dayanand Saraswati Swami Dayanand Saraswati: (February 12, 1824 – October 31, 1883) was an important Hindu religious scholar and the founder of the Arya Samaj, â€Å"Society of Nobles†, a Hindu reform movement, founded in 1875. He was the first man who gave the call for Swarajay in 1876 which was later furthered by Lokmanya Tilak. Himanshu Mishra Is also a Social Reformer Born in January 23, 1976 in Pilibhit District for main article go to Raja Ram Mohan Roy Raja Ram Mohan Roy: (August 14, 1774 – September 27, 1833) was a founder of the Brahma Sabha in 1828 which engendered the Brahmo Samaj, an influential Indian socio-religious reform movement. He is best known for his efforts to abolish the practice of sati, the Hindu funeral practice in which the widow was compelled to sacrifice herself on her husband’s funeral pyre. It was he who first introduced the word â€Å"Hinduism† into the English language in 1816. For his diverse contributions to society, Raja Ram Mohan Roy is regarded as one of the most important figures in the Indian Renaissance. Ram Mohan Roy's impact on modern Indian history was a revival of the pure and ethical principles of the Vedanta school of philosophy as found in the Upanishads. for main article go to Jamnalal Bajaj Jamnalal Bajaj: (4 November 1884 – 11 February 1942) was an industrialist, a philanthropist, and Indian independence fighter. Gandhi is known to have adopted him as his son. He is known for this efforts of promoting Khadi and village Industries in India. With the intent of eradicating untouchability, he fought the non admission of Harijans into Hindu temples. He began a campaign by eating a meal with Harijans and opening public wells to them. He opened several wells in his fields and gardens. Jamanalal dedicated much of his wealth to the poor. He felt this inherited wealth was a sacred trust to be used for the benefit of the people. In honour of his social initiatives a well known national and international award called Jamnalal Bajaj Award has been instituted by the Bajaj Foundation. for main article go to Vinoba Bhave Vinoba Bhave: (September 11, 1895 – November 15 1982) was an Indian advocate of Nonviolence and human rights. He is considered as the spiritual successor of Mahatma Gandhi. Vinoba Bhave was a scholar, thinker, writer who produced numerous books, translator who made Sanskrit texts accessible to common man, orator, linguist who had excellent command of several languages (Marathi, Hindi, Urdu, English, Sanskrit), and a social reformer. He wrote brief introductions to, and criticisms of, several religious and philosophical works like the Bhagavad Gita,works of Adi Shankaracharya, the Bible and Quran. His criticism of Dnyaneshwar's poetry as also the output by other Marathi saints is quite brilliant and a testimony to the breadth of his intellect. A university named after him Vinoba Bhave University is still there in the state of Jharkhand spreading knowledge even after his death. for main article go to Baba Amte Baba Amte: (December 26, 1914 – February 9, 2008) was an Indian social worker and social activist known particularly for his work for the rehabilitation and empowerment of poor people suffering from leprosy. He spent some time at Sevagram ashram of Mahatma Gandhi, and became a follower of Gandhism for the rest of his life. He believed in Gandhi's concept of a self-sufficient village industry that empowers seemingly helpless people, and successfully brought his ideas into practice at Anandwan. He practiced various aspects of Gandhism, including yarn spinning using a charkha and wearing khadi. Amte founded three ashrams for treatment and rehabilitation of leprosy patients, disabled people, and people from marginalized sections of the society in Maharashtra, India. for main article go to Shriram Sharma Acharya Shriram Sharma Acharya: (September 20, 1911 – June 2, 1990) was an Indian seer, sage, Indian social worker, a philanthropist, a visionary of the New Golden Era and the Founder of the All World Gayatri Pariwar. He devoted his life to the welfare of people and the refinement of the moral and cultural environment. He pioneered the revival of spirituality, creative integration of the modern and ancient sciences and religion relevant in the challenging circumstances of the present times. To help people, his aim was to diagnose the root cause of the ailing state of the world today and enable the upliftment of society. Acharyaji recognized the crisis of faith, people’s ignorance of the powers of the inner self, and the lack of righteous attitude and conduct. During 1984-1986, he carried out the unique spiritual experiment of sukshmikarana, meaning sublimation of vital force and physical, mental and spiritual energies. for main article go to Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar: (1820-1891) Vidyasagar was a philosopher, academic, educator, writer, translator, printer, publisher, entrepreneur, reformer, and philanthropist. His efforts to simplify and modernize Bangla prose were significant. He was a Bengali polymath and a key figure of the Bengal Renaissance. Vidyasagar championed the uplift of the status of women in India, particularly in his native Bengal. Unlike some other reformers who sought to set up alternative societies or systems, he sought, however, to transform orthodox Hindu society from within. Vidyasagar introduced the practice of widow remarriages to mainstream Hindu society. In earlier times, remarriages of widows would occur sporadically only among progressive members of the Brahmo Samaj. for main article go to Dhondo Keshav Karve Dhondo Keshav Karve: (April 18, 1858 – November 9, 1962) was a preeminent social reformer of his time in India in the field of women's welfare. Karve was one of the pioneers of promoting women's education and the right for widows to remarry in India. The Government of India recognized his reform work by awarding him its highest civilian award, Bharat Ratna, in 1958 (Incidentally his centennial year). The appellation Maharshi, which the Indian public often assigned to Karve, means †a great sage†. Those who knew Karve affectionately called him as Anna Karve. In Marathi-speaking community, to which Karve belonged, the appellation Anna is often used to address either one's father or an elder brother. ) for main article go to Balshastri Jambhekar Balshastri Jambhekar: (January 6, 1812– May 18, 1846) is known as Father of Marathi journalism for his efforts in starting journalism in Marathi language with the first newspaper in the language named ‘Darpan' in t he early days of British Rule in India. He founded Darpan as the first Marathi newspaper. He was editor of this newspaper during the British rule in India. This turned out to be the beginning of Marathi journalism. He had mastery in many languages including Marathi, Sanskrit, English and Hindi. Apart from that he also had a good grasp of Greek, Latin, French, Gujarati and Bengali. for main article go to Dr. Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar B. R. Ambedkar: (14 April 1891 — 6 December 1956) was an Indian jurist, political leader, Buddhist activist, philosopher, thinker, anthropologist, historian, orator, prolific writer, economist, scholar, editor, revolutionary and the revivalist of Buddhism in India. He was also the chief architect of the Indian Constitution. Ambedkar spent his whole life fighting against social discrimination, the system of Chaturvarna — the Hindu categorization of human society into four varnas — and the Hindu caste system. He is also credited with having sparked the bloodless revolution with his most remarkable and innovative Buddhist movement. Ambedkar has been honoured with the Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian award. for main article go to Annie Besant Annie Besant: (October 1 , 1847 – September 20, 1933) was a prominent Theosophist, women's rights activist, writer and orator and supporter of Irish and Indian self rule. In 1908 Annie Besant became President of the Theosophical Society and began to steer the society away from Buddhism and towards Hinduism. She also became involved in politics in India, joining the Indian National Congress. When war broke out in Europe in 1914 she helped launch the Home Rule League to campaign for democracy in India and dominion status within the Empire which culminated in her election as president of the India National Congress in late 1917. After the war she continued to campaign for Indian independence until her death in 1933. for main article go to Vitthal Ramji Shinde Vitthal Ramji Shinde: (April 23, 1873 – January 2, 1944) He was a prominent campaigner on behalf of the Dalit movement in Maharashtra and established the Depressed Classes Mission to provide education to the Dalits in Maharashtra. for main article go to Gopal Hari Deshmukh Gopal Hari Deshmukh: (1823-1892) was a social reformer in Maharashtra. Deshmukh started writing articles aimed at social reform in Maharashtra in the weekly Prabhakarunder the pen name Lokhitwadi. In the first two years, he penned 108 articles on social reform. That group of articles has come to be known in Marathi literature as Lokhitwadinchi Shatapatre. or main article go to Pandurang Shastri Athavale Pandurang Shastri Athavale: (October 19, 1920–October 25, 2003) was an Indian philosopher, spiritual leader, social reformer [2] and Hinduism reformist, who founded the Swadhyay Movement and the Swadhyay Parivar organization (Swadhyay Family) in 1954 [3], a self-knowledge movement based on the Bhagavad Gita, which has spread across nearly 100,000 villages in India [4][5], with over 5 million members [6]. He was also noted for his discourses or â€Å"pravachans† on Srimad Bhagawad Gita and Upanishads. for main article go to Kandukuri Veeresalingam Kandukuri Veeresalingam: (16 April 1848 – 27 May 1919) was a social reformer who first brought about a renaissance in Telugu people and Telugu literature. He was influenced by the ideals of Brahmo Samaj particularly those of Keshub Chunder Sen. He got involved in the cause of social reforms. In 1876 he started a Telugu journal and wrote the first prose for women. He encouraged education for women, and started a school in Dowlaiswaram in 1874. He started a social organisation called Hitakarini (Benefactor). for main article go to Swami Ramdev Swami Ramdev: Ramkishan Yadav popularly known as Swami Ramdev (Hindi: ), is an Indian Hindu swami. He is known for his efforts in popularizing yoga as it is enunciated in Patanjali's Yoga Sutras. He is also one of the founders of the Divya Yog Mandir Trust headquartered in Haridwar, that aims to popularize Yoga and offer Ayurvedic treatments. The New York Times calls him an â€Å"Indian who built Yoga Empire†, â€Å"a product and symbol of the New India, a yogic fusion of Richard Simmons, Dr. Oz and Oprah Winfrey, irrepressible and bursting with Vedic wisdom†. for main article go to Jawaharlal Nehru Jawaharlal Nehru:Jawaharlal Nehru (Hindi/Kashmiri: , pronounced [d a r? la? l ? ne ru]; 14 November 1889–27 May 1964[4]) was an Indian statesman who was the first (and to date the longest-serving) prime minister of India, from 1947 until 1964. One of the leading figures in the Indian independence movement, Nehru was elected by the Congress Party to assume office as independent India's first Prime Minister, and re-elected when the Congress Party won India's first general election in 1952. As one of the founders of the Non-aligned Movement, he was also an important figure in the international politics of the post-war era. He is frequently referred to as Pandit Nehru (â€Å"pandit† being a Sanskrit and Hindi honorific meaning â€Å"scholar† or â€Å"teacher†) and, specifically in India, as Panditji (with â€Å"-ji† being a honorific suffix). Periyar E. V. Ramasamy Thanthai Periyar or E. V. R. , was a businessman, politician, Indian independence and social activist, who started the Self-Respect Movement or the Dravidian Movement and proposed the creation of an independent state called Dravidasthan comprising South India. He is also the founder of the socio-cultural organisation, Dravidar Kazhagam. [1][2][3]

Clinical decisions Essay

Support Tools Worksheet Read the following patient scenarios. Use the tables to identify and explain at least one to two clinical decision support tools that could be used in each scenario. Your explanations should be 50 to 150 words each. Example Scenario and Response A physician is asking that a new drug, DRUGx, be added to the formulary. This drug interacts with the drug INTERAx, causing severe convulsions or seizures and even death. Describe how the electronic system might be set up to protect patients from receiving DRUGx if they are already taking INTERAx. Consider the CPOE process you have read about in class. Scenario 1 A patient has a known allergy to penicillin. Describe how the electronic system might be set up to prevent this particular patient from getting penicillin. Consider the CPOE process you have read about in class. Clinical decision support tools and explanation I would choose the CPOE process because of the built in clinical decision support. Alerts will appear when orders are entered for medications that may contain pencillin. If the patient were to be prescribed a mediciation that  may cause a reaction that could result in the patients death. Scenario 2 Sepsis is a serious medical condition that many times sneaks up on clinicians because the vitals are not easily monitored. To recognize this condition, a trend of vital signs is needed so if the patient is deteriorating, the clinical team is able to recognize the need to intervene rapidly. If the vital signs are captured electronically, how could the system be leveraged to assist the clinical team in knowing they need to immediately help the patient? Consider trending of results, alerting, and communication devices. Clinical decision support tools and explanation When the vital signs are entered for each visit when a pattern in the vital signs are detected and alert will go off in the system. The doctors will be notified by built-in alerts that vital signs are following a certain pattern that may mean there is something serious going on. Scenario 3 A patient has Cochlear implants in both ears. She is not able to have any radiology exams done to her that use a magnet, as the implants could get pulled out of her ears. (They are surgically inserted.) How might the system help to notify the physician when he or she is ordering radiology exams on this type of patient? Additionally, is there any way to leverage the radiology system to let the radiology technician know of the potential issue with the implants? Clinical decision support tools and explanation Medical professionals are able to input information about patients. Therefore that information will be updated in CPOE which will prompt alerts if another physician inputs an order to have radiology exam an alert will pop up. Scenario 4 HIV is a serious infectious disease that must be reported to the state as soon as it is identified to prevent exposure and understand the incidence of the disease. How might the EHR help to communicate this to the government more rapidly? Consider how the system might share ranges of values across institutions. Clinical decision support tools and explanation I would choose to use a Drug/Drug Interaction tool, so we would be aware when there could be a severe reaction when a patient is prescribed both DRUGx and INTERAx. This tool would notify the appropriate individuals when someone wanted to prescribe both of these medications to a patient. I would have it alert the physician as soon as he or she entered the order in CPOE so they could have an opportunity to select another drug that would be appropriate for the patient.

Speech: Unconditional Love

Persuasive speeches aim to convince the audience to believe a certain view. A persuasive speech is a specific type of speech in which the speaker has a goal of convincing the audience to accept his or her point of view. The speech is arranged in such a way as to hopefully cause the audience to accept all or part of the expressed view. Though the overarching goal of a persuasive speech is to convince the audience to accept a perspective, not all audiences can be convinced by a single speech and not all perspectives can persuade the audience Figure 0. The Sales PitchAn example of a persuasive speech is a sales pitch. During a sales pitch, the speaker is trying to convince the audience to buy his or her product or service. If the salesperson is successful, the audience (the person being sold to) will choose to purchase the product or service. However, salespeople understand that just because someone does not make a purchase after the first sales pitch does not mean the pitch failed. Per suasion is often a process. People may need multiple persuasive pitches and a lot of outside information before they are ready to accept a new view.Components of a Persuasive Speech Persuasive speeches are composed of both logical and emotional appeals. Logic appeals are arguments that present a set of information and show why a conclusion must rationally be true. For example, arguments heard in court are logical arguments. Emotional appeals are appeals that seek to make the audience feel a certain way so that they will accept a conclusion. Negative political ads, for example, often incorporate emotional appeals by juxtaposing an opponent with a negative emotion such as fear.I think that every emotionally healthy person wants to love and to be loved. We want people to love us as we are. We want to feel accepted no matter what we may say or do. When we make a mistake, we want to be forgiven and we don't want to experience  rejection. We want to be loved unconditionally. A problem c omes though when we do not reciprocate unconditional love. For example, there will never be  real love  expressed between two people if both individuals are seeking to have their needs met. How can two people make a relationship work if both define love as, â€Å"if you love me then you will o what I want†? There is only one person who can truly  love unconditionally. His name is Jesus. See, God is perfect and demands perfection from us. But, we all have fallen short of living a perfect life and that is called sin. The penalty for sin is death. But, this penalty is too great for us to pay! The Bible says that God demonstrated themeaning of love  to us in this that while we were yet sinners, Christ died for us. Jesus laid down His life for us as the ultimate act of unconditional love. He accepts us for who we are, for what we have done, and even for what we have neglected to do.But, now He is asking us to accept Him unconditionally as well. He wants us to accept His lo ve by giving to Him our heart, mind, soul, and strength. He wants all of us. When we give ourselves over completely to Jesus then we are â€Å"fully known, fully accepted, fully loved, fully valued, and fully celebrated. † Jesus will never leave you, quit on you, belittle you, or even condemn you. Did you know that the Bible says that Jesus did not come into the world to condemn the world but to save the world?He came to show you  what love is. Once we experience His love, we must step forward quickly to embrace it. The Bible provides an excellent description of unconditional love and gives us a pattern to follow. What is real love? Here is an example, â€Å"Love is patient, love is kind and is not jealous; love does not brag and is not arrogant, †¦ Love rejoices with the truth. Love believes and endures all things. Love never fails. † The longing of your heart to be loved unconditionally can be fulfilled only through Jesus Christ.You must admit your sin, believ e in Jesus, and follow His ways. If you do, you will experience  unconditional love. Once you have experienced  love unconditionally, you are then able to know  how to love  as well. As you travel life’s journey, you can take the road from conditional love to unconditional love. Let us Pray.. â€Å"Dear Jesus, I want real love and to be loved unconditionally. Please forgive me of my sin and show me  what is real love. I surrender my heart to you and ask that you take control of my life now. Thank you. â€Å"

Macbeth in 21 Century English

Original Text | Modern Text | | | Enter  BANQUO | BANQUO  enters. | 510 | BANQUO Thou hast it now: king, Cawdor, Glamis, all, As the weird women promised, and I fear Thou played’st most foully for ’t. Yet it was said It should not stand in thy posterity, But that myself should be the root and father Of many kings. If there come truth from them— As upon thee, Macbeth, their speeches shine— Why, by the verities on thee made good, May they not be my oracles as well, And set me up in hope? But hush, no more. BANQUO Now you have it all: you’re the king, the thane of Cawdor, and the thane of Glamis, just like the weird women promised you. And I suspect you cheated to win these titles. But it was also prophesied that the crown would not go to your descendants, and that my sons and grandsons would be kings instead. If the witches tell the truth—which they did about you—maybe what they said about me will come true too. But shhh! I’ll shut up now. | | Sennet sounded. Enter  MACBETH, as king,  LADY MACBETH, as queen,  LENNOX,  ROSS,  LORDS,LADIES, and attendants | A trumpet plays.MACBETH  enters dressed as king, and  LADY MACBETH  enters dressed as queen, together with  LENNOX,  ROSS,  LORDS,LADIES, and their attendants | | MACBETH Here’s our chief guest. | MACBETH (indicating BANQUO)  Here’s our most important guest. | | LADY MACBETH If he had been forgotten, It had been as a gap in our great feast, And all-thing unbecoming. | LADY MACBETH If we forgot him, our big celebration wouldn’t be complete, and that wouldn’t be any good. | 15 | MACBETH Tonight we hold a solemn supper, sir, And I’ll request your presence. | MACBETH (to  BANQUO)  Tonight we’re having a ceremonial banquet, and I want you to be there. | BANQUO Let your highness Command upon me, to the which my duties Are with a most indissoluble tie Forever knit. | BANQUO Whatever your hi ghness commands me to do, it is always my duty to do it. | Original Text | Modern Text | | 20 | MACBETH Ride you this afternoon? | MACBETH Are you going riding this afternoon? | | BANQUO Ay, my good lord. | BANQUO Yes, my good lord. | 25 | MACBETH We should have else desired your good advice— Which still hath been both grave and prosperous— In this day’s council, but we’ll take tomorrow. Is ’t far you ride? MACBETH We would have liked to have heard your good advice, which has always been serious and helpful, at the council today, but we’ll wait until tomorrow. Are you riding far? | | BANQUO As far, my lord, as will fill up the time ‘Twixt this and supper. Go not my horse the better, I must become a borrower of the night For a dark hour or twain. | BANQUO I’m going far enough that I’ll be riding from now until dinner. Unless my horse goes faster than expected, I will be back an hour or two after sunset. | | MACBETH Fail n ot our feast. | MACBETH Don’t miss our feast. 30 | BANQUO My lord, I will not. | BANQUO My lord, I won’t miss it. | 35 | MACBETH We hear our bloody cousins are bestowed In England and in Ireland, not confessing Their cruel parricide, filling their hearers With strange invention. But of that tomorrow, When therewithal we shall have cause of state Craving us jointly. Hie you to horse. Adieu, Till your return at night. Goes Fleance with you? | MACBETH We hear that the princes, those murderers, have hidden in England and Ireland. They haven’t confessed to cruelly murdering their own father, and they’ve been making up strange lies to tell their hosts.But we can talk more about that tomorrow, when we’ll discuss matters of state that concern us both. Hurry up and get to your horse. Good-bye, until you return tonight. Is Fleance going with you? | | BANQUO Ay, my good lord. Our time does call upon ’s. | BANQUO Yes, my good lord. It’s time we h it the road. | 40 | MACBETH I wish your horses swift and sure of foot, And so I do commend you to their backs. Farewell. | MACBETH I hope your horses are fast and surefooted. And with that, I send you to them. Farewell. | | Exit  BANQUO | BANQUO  exits. | 45 | Let every man be master of his time Till seven at night.To make society The sweeter welcome, we will keep ourself Till suppertime alone. While then, God be with you! | Everybody may do as they please until seven o'clock tonight. In order to make your company even more enjoyable, I’m going to keep to myself until suppertime. Until then, God be with you! | Original Text | Modern Text | | | Exeunt all except  MACBETH  and a  SERVANT | Everyone exits except  MACBETH  and aSERVANT | | Sirrah, a word with you. Attend those men Our pleasure? | (to the  SERVANT)  You there, let me have a word with you. Are those men waiting for me? | SERVANT They are, my lord, without the palace gate. | SERVANT They’re waiting outside the palace gate, my lord. | | MACBETH Bring them before us. | MACBETH Bring them to me. | | Exit  SERVANT | The  SERVANT  exits. | 5055606570 | To be thus is nothing, But to be safely thus. Our fears in Banquo Stick deep, and in his royalty of nature Reigns that which would be feared. ‘Tis much he dares, And to that dauntless temper of his mind He hath a wisdom that doth guide his valor To act in safety. There is none but he Whose being I do fear, and under him My genius is rebuked, as it is said Mark Antony’s was by Caesar.He chid the sisters When first they put the name of king upon me And bade them speak to him. Then, prophetlike, They hailed him father to a line of kings. Upon my head they placed a fruitless crown And put a barren scepter in my grip, Thence to be wrenched with an unlineal hand, No son of mine succeeding. If ’t be so, For Banquo’s issue have I filed my mind; For them the gracious Duncan have I murdered; Put rancors in the vessel of my peace Only for them; and mine eternal jewel Given to the common enemy of man, To make them kings, the seed of Banquo kings!Rather than so, come fate into the list, And champion me to th' utterance. Who’s there? | To be the king is nothing if I’m not safe as the king. I’m very afraid of Banquo. There’s something noble about him that makes me fear him. He’s willing to take risks, and his mind never stops working. He has the wisdom to act bravely but also safely. I’m not afraid of anyone but him. Around him, my guardian angel is frightened, just as Mark Antony’s angel supposedly feared Octavius Caesar. Banquo chided the witches when they first called me king, asking them to tell him his own future.Then, like prophets, they named him the father to a line of kings. They gave me a crown and a scepter that I can’t pass on. Someone outside my family will take these things away from me, since no son of mine will tak e my place as king. If this is true, then I’ve tortured my conscience and murdered the gracious Duncan for Banquo’s sons. I’ve ruined my own peace for their benefit. I’ve handed over my everlasting soul to the devil so that they could be kings. Banquo’s sons, kings! Instead of watching that happen, I will challenge fate to battle and fight to the death. Who’s there! | Enter  SERVANT  and two  MURDERERS | The  SERVANT  comes back in with twoMURDERERS | Original Text | Modern Text | | 75 | Now go to the door and stay there till we call. | Now go to the door and stay there until I call for you. | | Exit  SERVANT | The  SERVANT  exits. | | Was it not yesterday we spoke together? | Wasn’t it just yesterday that we spoke to each other? | | FIRST MURDERER It was, so please your highness. | FIRST MURDERER It was yesterday, your highness. | 8085 | MACBETH Well then, now Have you considered of my speeches?Know That it was he, i n the times past, which held you So under fortune, which you thought had been Our innocent self. This I made good to you In our last conference, passed in probation with you, How you were borne in hand, how crossed, the instruments, Who wrought with them, and all things else that might To half a soul and to a notion crazed Say, â€Å"Thus did Banquo. † | MACBETH Well, did you think about what I said? You should know that it was Banquo who made your lives hell for so long, which you always thought was my fault. But I was innocent. I showed you the proof at our last meeting.I explained how you were deceived, how you were thwarted, the things that were used against you, who was working against you, and a lot of other things that would convince even a half-wit or a crazy person to say, â€Å"Banquo did it! † | | FIRST MURDERER You made it known to us. | FIRST MURDERER You explained it all. | 90 | MACBETH I did so, and went further, which is now Our point of second meeting . Do you find Your patience so predominant in your nature That you can let this go? Are you so gospeled To pray for this good man and for his issue, Whose heavy hand hath bowed you to the grave And beggared yours forever? MACBETH I did that and more, which brings me to the point of this second meeting. Are you so patient and forgiving that you’re going to let him off the hook? Are you so pious that you would pray for this man and his children, a man who has pushed you toward an early grave and put your family in poverty forever? | | FIRST MURDERER We are men, my liege. | FIRST MURDERER We are men, my lord. | 95100105110 | MACBETH Ay, in the catalogue ye go for men, As hounds and greyhounds, mongrels, spaniels, curs, Shoughs, water-rugs, and demi-wolves are clept All by the name of dogs.The valued file Distinguishes the swift, the slow, the subtle, The housekeeper, the hunter, every one According to the gift which bounteous nature Hath in him closed, whereby he does receive P articular addition, from the bill That writes them all alike. And so of men. Now, if you have a station in the file, Not i' th' worst rank of manhood, say ’t, And I will put that business in your bosoms, Whose execution takes your enemy off, Grapples you to the heart and love of us, Who wear our health but sickly in his life, Which in his death were perfect. | MACBETH Yes, you’re part of the species called men.Just as hounds and greyhounds, mongrels, spaniels, mutts, shaggy lapdogs, swimming dogs, and wolf-dog crossbreeds are all dogs. But if you list the different kinds of dogs according to their qualities, you can distinguish which breeds are fast or slow, which ones are clever, which ones are watchdogs, and which ones hunters. You can classify each dog according to the natural gifts that separate it from all other dogs. It’s the same with men. Now, if you occupy some place in the list of men that isn’t down at the very bottom, tell me. Because if thatà ¢â‚¬â„¢s the case, I will tell you a plan that will get rid of your enemy and bring you closer to me.As long as Banquo lives, I am sick. I’ll be healthy when he is dead. | Original Text | Modern Text | | | SECOND MURDERER I am one, my liege, Whom the vile blows and buffets of the world Have so incensed that I am reckless what I do to spite the world. | SECOND MURDERER My lord, I’ve been so kicked around by the world, and I’m so angry, that I don’t even care what I do. | 115 | FIRST MURDERER And I another So weary with disasters, tugged with fortune, That I would set my life on any chance, To mend it or be rid on ’t. FIRST MURDERER I’m the same. I’m so sick of bad luck and trouble that I’d risk my life on any bet, as long as it would either fix my life or end it once and for all. | | MACBETH Both of you Know Banquo was your enemy. | MACBETH You both know Banquo was your enemy. | | BOTH MURDERERS True, my lord. | BOTH MURDERER S It’s true, my lord. | 120125 | MACBETH So is he mine; and in such bloody distance That every minute of his being thrusts Against my near’st of life.And though I could With barefaced power sweep him from my sight And bid my will avouch it, yet I must not, For certain friends that are both his and mine, Whose loves I may not drop, but wail his fall Who I myself struck down. And thence it is, That I to your assistance do make love, Masking the business from the common eye For sundry weighty reasons. | MACBETH He’s my enemy too, and I hate him so much that every minute he’s alive it eats away at my heart. Since I’m king, I could simply use my power to get rid of him.But I can’t do that, because he and I have friends in common whom I need, so I have to be able to moan and cry over his death in public even though I’ll be the one who had him killed. That’s why I need your help right now. I have to hide my real plans from the public eye for many important reasons. | | Original Text | Modern Text | 130 | SECOND MURDERER We shall, my lord, Perform what you command us. | SECOND MURDERER We’ll do what you want us to, my lord. | | FIRST MURDERER Though our lives— | FIRST MURDERER Though our lives— | 135140 | MACBETH Your spirits shine through you.Within this hour at most I will advise you where to plant yourselves, Acquaint you with the perfect spy o' th' time, The moment on ’t; for ’t must be done tonight, And something from the palace; always thought That I require a clearness. And with him— To leave no rubs nor botches in the work— Fleance, his son, that keeps him company, Whose absence is no less material to me Than is his father’s, must embrace the fate Of that dark hour. Resolve yourselves apart. I’ll come to you anon. | MACBETH (interrupts him)  I can see the determination in your eyes. Within the next hour I’ll tell you where to go and exactly when to strike.It must be done tonight, away from the palace. Always remember that I must be free from suspicion. For the plan to work perfectly, you must kill both Banquo and his son, Fleance, who keeps him company. Getting rid of Fleance is as important to me as knocking off Banquo. Each of you should make up your own mind about whether you’re going to do this. I’ll come to you soon. | | BOTH MURDERERS We are resolved, my lord. | BOTH MURDERERS We have decided, my lord. We’re in. | 145 | MACBETH I’ll call upon you straight. Abide within. | MACBETH I’ll call for you soon. Stay inside. | | Exeunt  MURDERERS | The  MURDERERS  exit. | It is concluded. Banquo, thy soul’s flight, If it find heaven, must find it out tonight. | The deal is closed. Banquo, if your soul is going to make it to heaven, tonight’s the night. | | Exit | He exits. | ACT 3 SCEN 2 Original Text | Modern Text | | | Enter  LADY MACBETH  and a  SERVA NT | LADY MACBETH  and a  SERVANT  enter. | | LADY MACBETH Is Banquo gone from court? | LADY MACBETH Has Banquo left the court? | | SERVANT Ay, madam, but returns again tonight. | SERVANT Yes, madam, but he’ll be back tonight. | | LADY MACBETH Say to the king I would attend his leisure For a few words. LADY MACBETH Go tell the king I want to talk to him for a few minutes. | 5 | SERVANT Madam, I will. | SERVANT No problem, madam. | | Exit  SERVANT | The  SERVANT  exits. | | LADY MACBETH Naught’s had, all’s spent, Where our desire is got without content. ‘Tis safer to be that which we destroy Than by destruction dwell in doubtful joy. | LADY MACBETH If you get what you want and you’re still not happy, you’ve spent everything and gained nothing. It’s better to be the person who gets murdered than to be the killer and be tormented with anxiety. | | Enter  MACBETH | MACBETH  enters. | 10 | How now, my lord!Why do you keep al one, Of sorriest fancies your companions making, Using those thoughts which should indeed have died With them they think on? Things without all remedy Should be without regard. What’s done is done. | What’s going on, my lord? Why are you keeping to yourself, with only your sad thoughts to keep you company? Those thoughts should have died when you killed the men you’re thinking about. If you can’t fix it, you shouldn’t give it a second thought. What’s done is done. | 152025 | MACBETH We have scorched the snake, not killed it. She’ll close and be herself whilst our poor malice Remains in danger of her former tooth.But let the frame of things disjoint, both the worlds suffer, Ere we will eat our meal in fear, and sleep In the affliction of these terrible dreams That shake us nightly. Better be with the dead, Whom we, to gain our peace, have sent to peace, Than on the torture of the mind to lie In restless ecstasy. Duncan is in his grave. After life’s fitful fever he sleeps well. Treason has done his worst; nor steel nor poison, Malice domestic, foreign levy, nothing Can touch him further. | MACBETH We have slashed the snake but not killed it. It will heal and be as good as new, and we’ll be threatened by its fangs once again.But the universe can fall apart, and heaven and earth crumble, before I’ll eat my meals in fear and spend my nights tossing and turning with these nightmares I’ve been having. I’d rather be dead than endure this endless mental torture and harrowing sleep deprivation. We killed those men and sent them to rest in peace so that we could gain our own peace. Duncan lies in his grave, through with life’s troubles, and he’s sleeping well. We have already done the worst we can do to him with our treason. After that, nothing can hurt him further—not weapons, poison, rebellion, invasion, or anything else. Original Text | Modern Text | | 30 | LADY MA CBETH Come on, gentle my lord, Sleek o'er your rugged looks. Be bright and jovial Among your guests tonight. | LADY MACBETH Come on, relax, dear. Put on a happy face and look cheerful and agreeable for your guests tonight. | 35 | MACBETH So shall I, love, And so, I pray, be you. Let your remembrance Apply to Banquo; present him eminence, Both with eye and tongue: unsafe the while that we Must lave our honors in these flattering streams, And make our faces vizards to our hearts, Disguising what they are. MACBETH That’s exactly what I’ll do, my love, and I hope you’ll do the same. Give Banquo your special attention. Talk to him and look at him in a way that will make him feel important. We’re in a dangerous situation, where we have to flatter him and hide our true feelings. | | LADY MACBETH You must leave this. | LADY MACBETH You have to stop talking like this. | | MACBETH Oh, full of scorpions is my mind, dear wife! Thou know’st that Banquo, and h is Fleance, lives. | MACBETH Argh! I feel like my mind is full of scorpions, my dear wife. You know that Banquo and his son Fleance are still alive. 40 | LADY MACBETH But in them nature’s copy’s not eterne. | LADY MACBETH But they can’t live forever. | 45 | MACBETH There’s comfort yet; they are assailable. Then be thou jocund. Ere the bat hath flown His cloistered flight, ere to black Hecate’s summons The shard-borne beetle with his drowsy hums Hath rung night’s yawning peal, there shall be done A deed of dreadful note. | MACBETH That’s comforting. They can be killed, it’s true. So be cheerful. Before the bat flies through the castle, and before the dung beetle makes his little humming noise to tell us it’s nighttime, a dreadful deed will be done. | LADY MACBETH What’s to be done? | LADY MACBETH What are you going to do? | Original Text | Modern Text | | 5055 | MACBETH Be innocent of the knowledge, dearest chuck, Till thou applaud the deed. Come, seeling night, Scarf up the tender eye of pitiful day And with thy bloody and invisible hand Cancel and tear to pieces that great bond Which keeps me pale. Light thickens, and the crow Makes wing to th' rooky wood. Good things of day begin to droop and drowse; Whiles night’s black agents to their preys do rouse. Thou marvel’st at my words: but hold thee still.Things bad begun make strong themselves by ill. So, prithee, go with me. | MACBETH It’s better you don’t know about it until after it’s done, when you can applaud it. (to the night)Come, night, and blindfold the kindhearted day. Use your bloody and invisible hand to tear up Banquo’s lease on life, which keeps me in fear. (to himself)  The sky’s getting dark, and the crow is returning home to the woods. The gentle creatures of the day are falling asleep, while night’s predators are waking up to look for their prey. (toLADY MACBETH)  Yo u seem surprised at my words, but don’t question me yet.Bad deeds force you to commit more bad deeds. So please, come with me. | | Exeunt | They exit | Original Text | Modern Text | | | Enter three  MURDERERS | The two  MURDERERS  enter with a thirdMURDERER. | | FIRST MURDERER But who did bid thee join with us? | FIRST MURDERER But who told you to come here and join us? | | THIRD MURDERER Macbeth. | THIRD MURDERER Macbeth. | 5 | SECOND MURDERER He needs not our mistrust, since he delivers Our offices and what we have to do To the direction just. | SECOND MURDERER We can trust this guy.He was given exactly the same orders we were. | 10 | FIRST MURDERER Then stand with us. The west yet glimmers with some streaks of day. Now spurs the lated traveler apace To gain the timely inn, and near approaches The subject of our watch. | FIRST MURDERER Then stay with us. There’s still a bit of daylight in the sky. Now all the late travellers are hurrying to reach their inns. Ba nquo is almost here. | | THIRD MURDERER Hark, I hear horses. | THIRD MURDERER Listen! I hear horses. | | BANQUO (within)  Give us a light there, ho! | BANQUO (from offstage)  Hey, give us some light here! | SECOND MURDERER Then ’tis he: the rest That are within the note of expectation Already are i' th' court. | SECOND MURDERER That must be him. The rest of the king’s guests are already inside. | | FIRST MURDERER His horses go about. | FIRST MURDERER You can hear his horses moving around as the servants take them to the stables. | 15 | THIRD MURDERER Almost a mile; but he does usually— So all men do—from hence to the palace gate Make it their walk. | THIRD MURDERER It’s almost a mile to the palace gate, but Banquo, like everybody else, usually walks from here to the palace. | Enter  BANQUO  and  FLEANCE  with a torch | BANQUO  and  FLEANCE  enter with a torch. | Act 3, Scene 3, Page 2 | Original Text | Modern Text | | SECOND MU RDERER A light, a light! | SECOND MURDERER Here comes a light! Here comes a light! | | THIRD MURDERER ‘Tis he. | THIRD MURDERER That’s him. | | FIRST MURDERER Stand to ’t. | FIRST MURDERER Prepare yourselves. | | BANQUO It will be rain tonight. | BANQUO It will rain tonight. | | FIRST MURDERER Let it come down. | FIRST MURDERER Then let the rain come down. | The  MURDERERS  attack  BANQUO | The  MURDERERS  attack  BANQUO. | 20 | BANQUO O treachery! Fly, good Fleance, fly, fly, fly! Thou may ’st revenge —O slave! | BANQUO Oh, this is treachery! Get out of here, good Fleance, run, run, run! Someday you can get revenge. —Oh, you bastard! | | BANQUO  dies. Exit  FLEANCE | BANQUO  dies. FLEANCE  escapes. | | THIRD MURDERER Who did strike out the light? | THIRD MURDERER Who put out the light? | | FIRSTMURDERER Was ’t not the way? | FIRST MURDERER Wasn’t that the best thing to do? | | THIRD MURDERER Thereâ€℠¢s but one down.The son is fled. | THIRD MURDERER There’s only one body here. The son ran away. | | SECOND MURDERER We have lost best half of our affair. | SECOND MURDERER We failed in half of our mission. | | FIRST MURDERER Well, let’s away and say how much is done. | FIRST MURDERER Well, let’s get out of here and tell Macbeth what we did accomplish. | | Exeunt | They exit. | Original Text | Modern Text | | | Banquet prepared. Enter  MACBETH,  LADY MACBETH,  ROSS,  LENNOX,  LORDS, and attendants. | The stage is set for a banquet. MACBETH  enters with  LADY MACBETH,  ROSS,  LENNOX,LORDS, and their attendants. | MACBETH You know your own degrees; sit down. At first And last, the hearty welcome. | MACBETH You know your own ranks, so you know where to sit. Sit down. From the highest to the lowest of you, I bid you a hearty welcome. | | The  LORDS  sit | The  LORDS  sit down. | | LORDS Thanks to your majesty. | LORDS Thanks to your majesty . | 5 | MACBETH Ourself will mingle with society And play the humble host. Our hostess keeps her state, but in best time We will require her welcome. | MACBETH I will walk around and mingle with all of you, playing the humble host.My wife will stay in her royal chair, but at the appropriate time I will have her welcome you all. | | LADY MACBETH Pronounce it for me, sir, to all our friends, For my heart speaks they are welcome. | LADY MACBETH Say welcome to all of our friends for me, sir, for in my heart they are all welcome. | | Enter  FIRST MURDERER  at the door | The  FIRST MURDERER  appears at the door. | 10 | MACBETH See, they encounter thee with their hearts' thanks. Both sides are even. Here I’ll sit i' th' midst. Be large in mirth. Anon we’ll drink a measure The table round. MACBETH And they respond to you with their hearts as well. The table is full on both sides. I will sit here in the middle. Be free and happy. Soon we will toast around the table. | | (aside to  FIRST MURDERER)  There’s blood upon thy face. | (approaching the door and speaking to theMURDERER)  There’s blood on your face. | | FIRST MURDERER ‘Tis Banquo’s then. | FIRST MURDERER Then it must be Banquo’s. | 15 | MACBETH ‘Tis better thee without than he within. Is he dispatched? | MACBETH I’d rather see his blood splattered on your face than flowing through his veins. Did you finish him off? |