Th Marriage of Figaro Research Paper free essay sample

The Marriage of Figaro research essay Cigar premiered at the Burgomaster In Vienna on 1 May 1786, the cast for which Is included in the Roles section below. Mozart himself directed the first two performances, conducting seated at the keyboard, the custom of the day. Later performances were by Joseph Weigh. 6] The first production was given eight further performances, all in 1786. [7] Although the total of nine performances was nothing like the frequency of performance of Mozart later success The Magic Flute, which for months was performed roughly every other the premiere Is generally judged to have been a success. The applause of the audience on the first night resulted in five numbers being encored, seven on 8 May. 8] Joseph II, who, in addition to his empire, was in charge of the Burgomaster,[9] was concerned by the length of the performance and directed his aide Count Rosenberg as follows: To prevent the excessive duration of operas, without however prejudicing the fame often sought by opera singers from the repetition of vocal pieces, I deem the enclosed notice to the public (that no piece for more than a single voice Is to be repeated) to be the most reasonable expedient. We will write a custom essay sample on Th Marriage of Figaro Research Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page You will therefore cause some posters to this effect to be The requested posters were printed up and posted in the Burgomaster in time for the third performance on 24 May. [11] The newspaper Wiener Realization carried a review of the opera in its issue of 11 July 1786. It alludes to interference probably produced by paid hecklers, but praises the work warmly: Mozart music was generally admired by connoisseurs already at the first performance, If I except only those whose self-love and conceit will not allow them to find merit In anything not written by themselves.The public, however did not really know on the first day here it stood. It heard many a bravo from unbiased connoisseurs, but obstreperous louts in the uppermost storey exerted their hired lungs with all their might to deafen singers and audience alike with their SST! And SST; and consequently opinions were divided at the end of the piece. Apart from that, It Is true that the first performance was none of the best, owing to the difficulties of the composition.But now, after several performances, one would be subscribing either to the cabal or to tastelessness if one were to maintain that Herr Mozart music is anything but a masterpiece of art. It contains so many beauties, and such a wealth of ideas, as can be drawn only from the source of innate The Hungarian poet Prefer Chintzy was In the audience for a May performance, and later remembered the powerful Impression the work made on him: [Nancy] Storage [see below], the beautiful singer, enchanted eye, ear, and soul. Mozart directed the orchestra, playing his appropriate; the joy which this music causes is so far removed from all sensuality that one cannot speak of it. Where could words be found that are worthy to describe such joy? [13] Joseph Haydn appreciated the opera greatly, writing to a rend that he heard it in his dreams s4102361 rhea Marriage of Figaro researc h essay cigar premiered at the Burgomaster in Vienna on 1 May 1786, the cast for which is for months was performed roughly every other day,[5] the premiere is generally lugged to have been a success.The applause of the audience on the first night public (that no piece for more than a single voice is to be repeated) to be the most n time for the third performance on 24 May. [11] The newspaper Wiener Realization Nas generally admired by connoisseurs already at the first performance, if I except only those whose self-love and conceit will not allow them to find merit in anything Inhere it stood. It heard many a bravo from unbiased connoisseurs, but opinions were divided at the end of the piece.

Qwswd Essays - Personality Traits, Positive Psychology, Free Essays

Qwswd Essays - Personality Traits, Positive Psychology, Free Essays Qwswd * Emotional Intelligence (EI) (text p. 300) = 1. knowing and managing one?s emotions 3. maintaining satisfying relationships 2. empathizing with others * EI abilities characterize people who excel in life: 1. self-awareness 2. impulse control 3. persistence 4. zeal 5. empathy 6. social deftness * Your Emotional Intelligence: 1. how would you rate it overall? 2. what items (above ) are you good at? which do you need to work on? I believe that I am good at self-awareness because it is having a clear perception of my personality like my strengths, weakness, motivations and emotions. It also allows me to understand other people. It is a first step in creating what I want and my emotions and behavior determine where I go in life. It is developed through practices in focusing my attention on the details of my personality and behavior. I know my strength is my family and it can lead me to the path of success. It is a solid understanding how we relate to the others and ourselves. I also look at my past issue that I have had with people and be honest with myself. I think I need to work on self-motivation. I always see myself motivated by someone else. Q2: Happiness * People have rated their happiness in terms of how good they feel about their lives (p. 306) * How happy do 2 significant others in your life seem with their lives? Why? * What would make you happier with your life, and what are you doing to make it happen? I believe to make someone else happy in life is more important; the only way that we can really do so is by being ourselves and making ourselves happy. It is the most important feeling. It can be found in many different ways. If we think positive then we can live happy. If we are physically active this may also give us happiness and having money is also reason of happiness because we can fulfill our dreams with money. Like when I visited to India last year I was walking on the road and I saw one poor guy didn?t had anything to eat and his clothes were ripped off too. I had felt bad about it because it was too cold outside. What I did I took him to my house and gave him one of my pants, shirt and jacket along with shoes so he could stay warm. That really had made me happy. Q3: Trait Personality Theories * Take the Big 5 Trait Test at outofservice.com/bigfive/ (link in Webliography) * What are your results (summarize, don?t reproduce)? Is it accurate? Why or why not? * Are trait tests a good way to measure personality? Why or why not? Openness to experience: I would say that I got 20% in this because I am not creative, flexible and adventurous. Conscientiousness: I would say that I got 92% in this because Conscientiousness is trait of being careful. It includes self-discipline, carefulness, organization and need for achievement. Extraversion: I got 70% in this because I like getting my energy from different activities. I get excited when I am around other people and I like to energize them too. Agreeableness: I got 93% in this because I can get along with everyone. I like to help everyone and I forgive people easily. Neuroticism: I got 1% because I really don?t get nervous easily. I remain calm in every situation. I would say yes it is a good way to measure personality because in this way we can find our level of personalities and I think most of time it is accurate. If we start testing ourselves often then we will find where we at and what area we need to work on. Q4: Other Personality Theories * Read Chapter 12: ?Personality,? pp. 320-29. * Explain 3 things you learned about yourself from these personality theories: - Freud (pp. 320-23), Adler (324), Horney (325), Rogers (327-8), Maslow (328-9) 1.I have learned about how to deal with my situation. I have to be brave to able to deal with problems. 2.All human have need to feel respected it includes the need to have self esteem and self respect. 3.If you feel

Destination Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Destination Management - Assignment Example These plans and policies help the management body in formulating decisions in a collective fashion in regards to the problems emanating in the tourism markets. Destination Management functions work on the measurement of several key issues pertaining to the demand and supply systems of tourism operations. The planning process gets based on a market research theme such that an effective sample is first selected which is subjected to a questionnaire. The questionnaire aims to evaluate the demand and supply position based on some basic and secondary information. Study of basic demand in regards to tourism destinations centres on understanding the reasons for the visits of the people whether related to business or touring purposes. Further it also tries to evaluate the number of persons constituting each trip and the number of nights they ought to stay in the place selected. The analysis of demand based on basic items also endeavours to evaluate the amount that would be expended by the di fferent individuals or groups in regards to their tourism activities. The study based on secondary items focuses on understanding the professions into which the people are engaged in and other personal details regarding the size of the family, age of the visitors and the frequency of their visits in regards to such areas. Likewise in regards to the supply side evaluation is made on the type of tourist accommodations whether pertaining to commercial or non-commercial uses, the number of rooms rendered in one particular unit, the price factor related to such rooms, cultural factors related to the zones to help attract consumers and so on. Further secondary items that mainly constitute the physical evidence part of the service organisations are also evaluated. Such items focus on the existence of facilities like cafeteria, and other sports and recreational items adhered to such hotel companies. Moreover the corporate hotel groups also tend to encompass facilities pertaining to shopping and fitness zones that are evaluated in such regard. The supply and demand parameters are matched with each other to rightly formulate marketing and promotional policies aimed at attraction of potential tourist groups to different zones (Vanhove, 2010, p.24-26; Smith, 1989, p.60). Strategic and Tactical Management Approaches in Management of Tourism Destinations Strategic Management Approaches Strategic Management approaches in endeavouring to enhance the competitive advantage position of the tourism destinations centre on popularising the brand image of the tourist destinations. The strategic activities in this regard aim at differentiating one tourist destination from another through enhancement of the cultural image of the specific tourist spots. Moreover the enhancement of the brand image of the tourism destinations are conducted through linking such with the personality attributes of the tourist groups. Tourists tend to relate or associate their social status to the tourist pl aces as a symbol or mark of prestige that needs to be marketed in the tourism programs. Further strategic

Stanton And Women Liberty Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Stanton And Women Liberty - Essay Example During the period of American Revolution, white males having personal property were allowed to vote, the general attitude about women started to grow conservative. Women were allowed limited privileges, and had certain responsibilities to be carried out, including household activities. Elizabeth arranged a meeting in 1848, at Waterloo. The purpose of the gathering was to fight for women rights. Her colleagues were Quakers and were associated with anti slavery cause and temperance movement. In the meeting, she openly criticized the American government for its failure to protect and safeguard the rights of women. She discussed some of her concerns in this regard. She protested against laws, that offered husband with the permission to beat his wife, she protested for not allowing wife to divorce her spouse. The previous laws and practices, according to which, when a woman got married, all of her property, including her children, automatically became her husband's property, was opposed and challenged. Elizabeth immediately requested revival of policies. The meeting concluded with a plan to launch Women's Rights Convention, where Elizabeth drew up a declaration of woman's right and modeled it after the Declaration of Independence. Elizabeth protested and condemned such laws, according to which married women was treated as if she was civilly dead, women had no right on their property and earnings. She openly criticized the divorce laws for ignoring the happiness of wife, imposing taxes on her property, but not providing her with the right to vote, and demanded right to vote. She demanded equal education for all, irrespective of gender. Elizabeth was then selected as the leader of women's rights movement. She struggled, and never lost courage and determination. Majority was against her views regarding women, and opposition poured in from all sides. Elizabeth criticized the society for considering women as secondary or inferior being, without the ability to think logically, especially in the political arena. (Blatch, Harriot Stanton an d Alma Lutz (1940). Challenging Years: the Memoirs of Harriot Stanton Blatch). In 1851, Elizabeth met Susan B. Anthony, both applied concentrated efforts for women's right. Elizabeth possessed personality and strong speaking ability; she was the brains, the public figure for this cause. Elizabeth was selected as the President of National American Women's Suffrage Association; she remained in this authority from 1869 to 1892. She spent her time circulating and signing petitions for emancipation activities, during the civil war. She stressed that the women population should be allowed to vote, she concluded that, women's suffrage can only be addressed if constitutional amendment in incorporated allowing women right to cast independent vote. She desired the political empowerment of American women. In one of Elizabeth's later speeches that she delivered in 1892, tilted The Solitude of Self, she stated that every individual, irrespective of gender, stands alone. An individual, according to her, is responsible for personal actions, and therefore should accept consequ ences, create a moral life, and take a stand or not. Before moving to Seneca Falls, Elizabeth developed strong interaction with Lucretia Mott, the Quaker minister, feminist, and abolitionist. She met her at the International Anti-Slavery Convention in London, England in the spring of 1840. The two women were able to

Primiparous perception of labour pain Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Primiparous perception of labour pain - Essay Example Back ground and obstetrical data will be collected using patient's files. Following the completion of each interview; Data are usually text so audio tapes transcription using data base needed and themes best describing pain perception will be analysed. Hermeneutic phenomenological approach will guide me to understand women's experience of labour pain. This study will take a step in complex field of pain understanding and management by attempting to gain more understanding of primiparous perception of labour pain by focusing on quality, nature and meaning of pain rather than pain intensity. According to Creswell (1998), "The investigator writes a research questions that explores the meaning of that experience for individuals and asks individuals to describe their every day lived experience then collects data from individuals who have experienced the phenomena under investigation". Normal birth defined as "Spontaneous in onset, low-risk at the start of labour and remaining so throughout labour and delivery. The infant is born spontaneously [without help] in the vertex position [head down] between 37 and 42 completed weeks of pregnancy. After birth mother and baby are in good condition." (WHO, 1999). Although natural labour pain is a positive pain indicates that women's body working well and hard, and mostly increases in intensity with progress of labour, reaching mother to appositive end - the baby; most women report painful labour especially for those who had not previous birth experience "primiparous women". Most women represent perceived labour pain as cramping, sharp, aching, throbbing, pressing, shooting, and few women not experienced painful labour. That means the only suffering women can know what it feels like .The degree of pain experienced during labour is related to frequency, intensity, duration of uterine contraction and dilatation of the cervix. The positions of the fetus, descent of presenting part, stretching of the perineum and pressure on the bladder, bowel and sensitive pelvic structures also contribute to pain levels (Melzack, 1993). During the first stage of labour visceral pain of diffuse cramping and uterine contraction felt more within primiparous , in the second stage of labour ,sharper and more continues somatic pain in the perineum caused by fetal head pressure felt more within multiparous women.(Lee Man et al 2003). According to Ural (2004) labour pain perception and expererience range from woman to woman and also from pregnancy to pregnancy. Waldenstrom (1999) highlighted many of the factors that affect experience of labour pain like: belief in ability to cope with pain, societal expectations and beliefs about labour pain, birth environment, anxiety, fear and previous experience of birth. Midwifes are less able to accurately identify pain levels when the women describe them as sever. Non verbal cues (facial expression, body movement and vocalization) may be appropriate tools for the assessment of pain, however, action

Social Skills Improvement System Rating Scales

Social Skills Improvement System Rating Scales Abstract The objective of the Test and Measurement unit is to assist students get to understand the importance and the need of tests and measurement in the field of psychology. During counselling psychology, many testes and measurements are applied in the identification as well as definition behaviours as well as the mental state of clients. Among them is the Social Skill Improvement Rating System, which is just a taste that was developed to measure and assess social deficits within a person. The system is administered by high psychometric properties. It has been noted that, it has excellent internal consistency, adequate reliability as well as excellent to adequate excellent test-retest reliability. The samples used in testing reliability and validity are adequate. The tests in one way or the other addresses the significance of evidence-based multi-tired assessment that are applied when helping student to develop, improve as well as maintain their useful social skills. As a family, SSIS includes performance screening, class wide intervention program, rating scales as well as intervention guide. The instrument is a revised version of the most used SSRS, which enjoys strong history of use in most schools. In addition, the social skill improvement system rating scales, tent to have very strong psychometric features, along with scoring, makes the test ideally suitable to demands of screening, development of interventions as well as classifications in the middle schools. On the other hand, though there is existence of studies along with the information don the Social Skill Rating System, on the other hand, much has not been done to on the current SSIS These tests are best used within the context of four-phase problem solving processes. By this model, it is not easy for one to ignore the main purpose of the assignment, and that no matter the specific aim for waiting to assess SEL competencies, one tent to concentrate on his/her own assessment information in a manner that helps one the most significant questions. Tests and Measurements: Social Skills Improvement System Rating Scales Introduction In the course, Tests and Measurements, enables one to gained understandings about the significance, need, and use of tests and measurements in the Psychology field. Psychology in its self is a broad field that can be applied in multiple settings, focusing on different aspects, yet operating with the same direction and purpose. Psychology studies the mental state and behaviour of individuals. In order to obtain knowledge about individuals, as such, Psychologists and trained professionals establish and develop procedures that are meant to identify and define specifics about an individual. These procedures are considered as Tests and Measurements, which were developed to diagnose and assess individuals through using subject-specific constructs to provide logical reason and evidence to validate predictions or proposed diagnosis. In Psychology, different diagnosis, behaviours, and disorders have been defined and identified through a wide array of tests and measurements. With the diversity in tests and measurements, psychologists are able to define most mental states and behaviours presented by individuals. Fields of Psychology, like Clinical, Educational, Industrial-Organization, and Counselling, all have specific uses of tests and measurements to clearly define behaviours and mental statuses and establish treatment, diagnosis intervention, and therapeutic method interventions. With a specialization in Counselling Psychology, professionals deal with the intrapsychic of a client. Questions that counselling psychologists work to identify for client clarification are, How does the client view themselves? What strengths/weaknesses does the client identify as existing? How are the clients social life, social relationships, and professional relations? These are questions that Counselling Psychologists seeks to unde rstand and use for client comprehension and clarity. This step commences as the starting point for Counselling Psychologists to rebuild and rehabilitate a client, (Psychcorp.com, 2011). In counselling psychology, multiple tests and measurements are used to identify and define behaviours and mental state of the client. The original Social Skills Rating Skills, which is now known as The Social Skills Improvement Rating System, is a test developed to measure and assesses social deficits within a person. This psychological test was intended to serve as a tool in identifying behaviours of a person, in order to, diagnose and treat to improve the social aspects of the person. With a purpose to build strengths, healthy relationships, and positive outlooks about the self, the SSIS is a relevant assessment that can be used by counselling psychologists, in order to obtain results about an individuals mental state about the self, social life, and personal lifestyle. In this paper, an attempt will be made to define and describe the SSIS and how it could be used in Counselling Psychology. Social Skills Improvement System Rating Scales This test was developed by Elliot, Husse Gresham, this social skill rating system was published in 1990 by the American Guidance services. The social skill improvement system (SSIS), (Gresham Elliot), is just a comprehensive system of social skills assessment as well as the intervention tool for use with children and as well as these who are still in adolescence from the age of 3 years to 18 years, (Diperna, Volpe, 2005).. For my final paper, I have chosen to discuss the measurement Social Skills Rating System (SSRS), which is newly revised as the Social Skills Improvement System Rating Scales (SSiS). The newly revised version of the Social Skills Rating System is now the Social Skills Improvement System, which includes improvements in psychometrics, norms, and a new set of subscales (Psychcorp.com, 2011), as well as, a Spanish edition. Gresham and Elliot (2008) states that, Ninety percent of the items were new or substantially revised (paragraph 5). The Social Skills Improvement is intended to identify any social deficits, recognizing positive behaviours, as well as, negative behaviours, in students age ranging from 3 to 18. The SSIS includes three forms to identify social behaviours, the teacher-parent-student forms, which purposes are to evaluate behaviours at home, community, and within the school. Psychometric Qualities of the Test Standardization SSIS is a self-administered assessment, with a completion time between 10-25 minutes. The newly revised SSIS consists of technically sound measures when referring to the norms (Gresham Elliot, 2008). The norm group consisted of a mixture of 4,700 3-18 year old students. The sample was diverse and included representative numbers of children with educational disabilities and mental disorders, making the norms well-rounded and inclusive of all different cases of student descriptions. Reliability The revised Social Skills Rating System includes the same three forms as the original SSRS, the teacher, parent, and student, yet with better internal consistency reliability. Each form of the SSIS and there standard scores resulted in displaying consistent reliability. Test-retest methods were done over a 43-66 day time period and the results were as follow, for the Teacher form, results describe median adjusted correlations of .83 across 43-day intervals, with median adjusted correlations of .86 across 61-day intervals for the Parent form, and median adjusted correlations of .79 across 66-day intervals for the Student form (Gresham Elliot, 2008a). Validity According to Gresham Elliot (2008a), SSIS Rating Scales include three useful validity scales that allow examiners to judge the veracity of ratters: an F scale that will be elevated when ratters describe students as having an unrealistic number of problems; a response pattern index that is elevated if ratters provide an unusual pattern of responses (e.g., provides the same response to most of the items or provides a highly variable number of responses); and a response consistency index that is elevated if ratters complete similar items in very different ways(,paragraph 3). The validity of the construct has obviously made major and effective improvements, by measuring exactly what it is intended to measure. Correlations of the scales with measuring similar behaviour were high, with measurements of non-similar behaviours not correlating, (Gresham Elliot, 2008b). Uses of Tests The social skill improvement system in one way or the other addresses the significance for an evidence-based, multi-tired assessment that are used in the process of helping students to develop, improve as well as maintain much important social skills. Such like tools contained in the test, can be used early in the school years for the facilitation of the universal screening of these students who happen to be at risk for academic or even social behaviour difficulties. In one way or the other, it helps to plan for the interventions for improving such like behaviours, as well as evaluating progress on skills that are much targeted after the intervention. This assessment test contains tools that are particularly significant when evaluating students. The SSIS family of assessment as well as intervention tools include: performance screening guide; this tool offers universal screening of the behaviour which can be termed as being prosaically. Some of such like behaviours are math skills, reading skills as well as motivation to learn for all students in the whole classroom in not more than 20 minutes. Another tool is class-wide intervention program; this tool provides teachers as well as other professionals social skills instructional scripts as well as teaching resources for the top ten skills that tent to be much critical to the functioning of all students in particular classroom. The next tool is Rating Scales; this tool is concerned with offering targeted as well as comprehensive assessment of a persons social skills, problem behaviours along with academic competence. The last but not least toll is intervention guide; this provides in-depth social skills intervention for about 20 keystone social skills that are directly connecte d to SSIS Rating Scales outcomes, (Nihira, Leland, Lambert,1993).. Critique of the Test Strength This program is a revised version of the most used SSRS, which enjoys strong history of use in most schools. This instrument in addition contains assessment intervention records, which allows the integration of social skill assessment data with planned intervention strategies, as an effect, it allows professional to easily develop interventions that are based on the assessment results. Also, the instrument has a manual which clearly provides detailed descriptions of all SSRS objectives and goals, on top of having a guide that is user friendly. Nevertheless, the instrument test is easy to administer and much easy to score. In addition, the social skill improvement system rating scales, tent to have very strong psychometric features, along with scoring, makes the test ideally suitable to demands of screening, development of interventions as well as classifications in the middle schools. In addition, there exist SSRS versions that also provide further information that can be very much s ignificant in the process of planning on top of the evaluation intervention programming. Last but not least, the instrument use of multiple rater system provides a more broad-based assessment of social skills than any other instrument that uses a single rater system, like the elf reporting instrument, (Cynthia, Kenn, 2010). Another thing is that, the test measurement provides important needs assessment data for program planning. In addition, it also offers insight into the effectiveness of nationwide prevention as well as health behavioural initiatives that are designed to reach much education as well as counselling related objectives across the country. SSRS also produces the estimates of the prevalence of major adolescence behavioural risks and provides much crucial information for school officers, human service agency, policymakers along with parents, who are working in harmony optimum health young individuals globally. Weaknesses Though there is existence of studies along with the information don the Social Skill Rating System, on the other hand, much has not been done to on the current SSIS. In addition, the costs that are involved during SSIS are too high compared to other surveys. It also requires the knowledge of compiling data as well as coming up with reports is also required; this is based on the fact that, in the software package, it is not included. This instrument also faces the problem of standardization sample, as well as mixed reliability levels across all forms. Psychometric Qualities The instrument has standard scores which can be converted to percentile rank scores. The instrument furthermore provides separate norms for girls as well as boys, as well as these with and without disabilities. The high levels of internal consistency, test-retest reliabilities, content along with validity, have been reported by many writers. The computer software apart from facilitating scoring and reporting, it provides behavioural objectives and suggestions for planning purposes. A version that is scannable, offers group reporting options. Other than sorting, it arranges the information as per the group, classroom, individuals, schools, grades, gender, ethnicity, time and districts, (Mathews, Whang, Fawcett, 1980). The Tests Application in Counseling Psychology Setting Purpose The social skill rating system was published for the purpose of identifying and classification of social behaviours. In addition, it was also published for the purpose of assisting in the development of appropriate interventions for those who are identified as having social behaviour problems. Last but not least, the instrument was created for the purpose of addressing the significance for an evidence-based, multi-tired assessment that are used in the process of helping students to develop, improve as well as maintain much important social skills. Though theoretically is all kinds of children might be given the test, the test is purposefully geared towards handicapped children or children with mild to moderate learning difficulties. The instrument also can be used in the identification of social behaviour strengths, school or home-based behavioural interventions. Benefits or Usefulness The instrument is much useful in providing much comprehensive image or picture of children social behaviours. Another benefit accrued from SSIS is that, the three rating forms that are applied in the Social Skills Improvement System Rating Scales, offers much flexibility to the system. On the other hand, the instrument helps these using it like teachers and counselling professionals to plan for the appropriate intervention very quickly. Generally, the social skills rating systems allows individuals to get a more complete picture of social behaviours from educators, guardians and parents, and even students themselves. It helps in the evaluation of broad range of socially validated behaviours that affects teacher-student relations, academic performance, and peer acceptance among others. Challenges This instrument faces the challenge of sample standardization and mixed reliability levels across the forms. Another challenge is that, the instrument does not provide both appropriate and inappropriate social skills, so its users particularly focuses on the negative aspects of the behaviours of children other than taking into account also the positive aspects. Though there is existence of studies along with the information on the Social Skill Rating System, on the other hand, the instrument faces a challenge of having done less on the current SSIS; as a result, the current SSIS has little information. Another challenge faced by this system is that, the costs that are involved during SSIS are too high compared to other surveys. It also requires the knowledge of compiling data as well as coming up with reports is also required; this is based on the fact that, in the software package, it is not included, in conjunction with this challenge, only professionals trained in the psychology testing are in a position of interpreting the outcome, though it can be administered by any personel.. This instrument also faces the problem of standardization sample, as well as mixed reliability levels across all forms, (Malecki Demaray, 2002). How Results Would Be Used These tests are best used within the context of four-phase problem solving processes. By this model, it is not easy for one to ignore the main purpose of the assignment, and that no matter the specific aim for waiting to assess SEL competencies, one tent to concentrate on his/her own assessment information in a manner that helps one the most significant questions. The main function of the of the first phase which is termed as identification and clarification is to answer some basic questions that leads to the articulation clearly on the reasons that lead to the assessment undertaking in the first place. Din most cases, ones students are the main focus of the assessment; however the objectives of pursing the assessment might be far much complicated. In the data collection stage which is grades as phase 2, the counsellor collects the information needed that is needed during counselling. It is recommended that, the counsellor gives room for the assessment purpose, student character as well as the problem being addressed be the guiding principles to the selection and choice of appropriate procedures and specific tools, as this will provide necessary information. After all these, consider whether some means of information gathering are much significant that others, this is based on the student nature, assessment problem and the situation. Then the counsellor is to align the available tools to fit within the budget, (Heber, 1961). In the third phase which is co9nsidered to being the analysis stage, is where in detail, the data is now analysed. It should be checked if the available data confirms with the assessment problem. There need also to be an identification of specific issues that might be contributing to the problem in question. On top of it all, the councillor needs to determine if more information is needed to solve the problem in hand, a part from the one having. After all these, the counsellor is supposed to analyse any hindrance that might occur during problem solving, and if more information can be found in the existing school records. In case of any further data collection, an individual with the capability of doing that within the shortest time is identified. In the fourth phase identified as solution and evaluation, the target of the intention need to be identified based on the available information. In this stage, the counsellor needs to identify the most appropriate types of interventions or programs in the surroundings. An available resource is a very important factor to consider while carrying out this intervention, so the counsellor has to determine the resources available, which will then control the type of intervention used. As an effect, the type of intervention will determine if data collection ought to be continuous. Last but not least, the counsellor decides on the means of assessment to be used when evaluating the effectiveness of the program or the intervention, (Myers Diener, 1995). Conclusion Social Skill Improvement System is among other assessment system that professionals interested in assessing social-emotional competences of both children and youngsters. The forms of SSIS are just an update of what initially was called social skill rating system. The SSIS ratings forms include cross-informant tools that are being used by teachers, parents, guardians, children as well as these in the adolescent stage. The scales of SSIOS-Rating scales has been used when assessing children with behavioural and interpersonal skills problems, screen for problem behaviours, and identify children encountering social behaviour risk and poor academic performances. The social skills scales are used when measuring positive social behaviours like cooperation and empathy, as well as respect, amongst others. The problem behaviour scale on the other hand, measures behaviours that usually interfere with positive social skills. They can be categorized under; internalizing skills, externalizing skill s, as well as the hyperactivity. Lastly, academic competence skills, on its part offers quick estimate of academic functioning. In future, the SSIS will be intended for children and adolescent. It will be used in the identification of social skills deficit, as well as deficits in school related in to select skills that ought to be targeted during training, as well as the social skills training success evaluation. It also be used to yield the knowledge of student strength s deficiencies. Last but not least, in future, the SSIS will be used in the social behaviour exhibited by youngsters, both children and the adolescence in a classroom setting.

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A common meta-narrative surrounding the American Civil War deals with each side's motivation for fighting: the North fought to preserve the Union, while the Confederacy fought to preserve â€Å"states† rights, which tends to deemphasize the role that role racial slavery played in the nation’s history. In addition, when slavery is discussed, it is removed from political discussion and the North is often glorified for fighting for black American interests, eventually minimizing the racial tension that fraught the United States, in both the North and South. This paper will thoroughly describe the non-racial knowledge that has been subjugated around the Civil War, connect this knowledge to the grand narrative of this nation's history, and discuss how it problematizes general knowledge by deemphasizing its significance in America's history, ultimately outlining that ignorance of race relations in this country has only led to more racial tension. First, analyzing the story behind the Northern and Southern motivation for the war shines light on how and why the knowledge subjugated around the Civil War commonly minimizes issues like slavery and racism. Deemphasizing slavery by focusing history on the idea that the North fought to keep states united and that the South seceded in the name of states’ rights does two important things. First, it diminishes the role racism played in American history and it also allows racism to be hidden behind states’ rights rather than discussed in honest terms. The North did fight for unity among states, but such unity called for an economy that did not rely on slave labor (Zinn 177). The South did secede claiming states’ rights, but those â€Å"rights† were to own property as they wished, that is to say human beings ... ...ended but race discrimination is an issue that is still going on in this country. Racism has been significantly reduced but unfortunately many individuals still have to face this problem. African Americans are not the only individuals that are affected by racism today. Individuals of many other races are also affected by this issue The struggle over racial slavery may be the predominant theme in American history (Loewen 137) and should not be ignored or downplayed in any degree. Although the causes of racism are a complicated historical issue, it is important to understand the dynamic interplay between slavery as a socioeconomic system and racism as the overlying ideological system (Loewen 143). The ideological system of racism has long outlived the socioeconomic system of slavery (Loewen 144) and learning from history in this way helps to prevent repetition of it.

Evaluate One Philosophical Theory That Tries to Deal with Agrippa’s Trilemma.

Evaluate one philosophical theory that tries to deal with Agrippa’s Trilemma. Agrippa’s Trilemma gives us the three possibilities when trying to justify a belief. The first is that our beliefs are unsupported; the second that there is an infinite chain of justification; the third being that there is a circular chain of justification. One theory that tries to deal with this is foundationalism, which suggests the first option of Agrippa’s Trilemma is true. Throughout this essay I will argue why although one of the more popular theories, it still has its flaws.Foundationalism suggests that the first option of Agrippa’s Trilemma- that there are beliefs that can be unsupported- is correct for certain ‘foundational’ beliefs. The epistemic regress argument, as explained well Richard Fumerton, shows how this is likely to be the case. It’s best to explain this with an example. Let’s say, a man comes up to you and tells you it is going to rain tomorrow, and as evidence he says ‘because the winds are going to change direction’. You ask him why he thinks this, and he says he just ‘has a feeling’.Naturally you take this as nonsense, a poor justification for his claim, and don’t believe him. This shows us then that to be justified in believing something, P, because of E, you must be justified in believing E. However, let’s say his justification for believing E- that the winds were changing bringing rain- was that he saw it in a gypsy’s crystal ball. Though he may think this is a good justification because he believes in that sort of thing, you are sceptical and again dismiss his claim.This brings us to expand our first principle to what is known as the Principle of Inferential Justification (PIJ): ‘To have justification for believing P on the basis of E one must not only have (1) justification for believing E, but (2) justification for believing that E makes probable P . ’ (Fumerton, 2002) From the PIJ we can easily show how the epistemic regress argument unfolds. Going back to the example, if you were to believe P, there must be another proposition you could legitimately infer it to be true; E1.But, surely the only way E1 could justify you that P is true is if E1 is itself justified, and if justification is inferential then it would mean E1 would have to be legitimately inferred from another proposition; E2. As you can see this would go on and on infinitely, hence why it’s a ‘regress’ argument (Fumerton, 2002). The solution would be to reach a proposition that didn’t need any further justification, one that was noninferential- self-justifiable- and so could be a ‘foundational’ belief.One foundational belief thought up by Rene Descartes is that he existed, in his famous Cotigo Ergo Sum ‘I think, therefore I am’ meditation (Descartes, 1641). From being sure of his existence he then tried t o build more beliefs, which is how foundationalism works. The idea of his existence is, to him, infallible, and therefore it could theoretically be used as foundation on which to build more beliefs. However, even such foundations such as the existence of one’s self can be called into question. It is believed that truly infallible beliefs are very few, or arguably do not exist at all (Pritchard, 2006, 41).This is a problem because, even if a truly infallible belief or beliefs can be deduced, they would be too few and too narrow to be able to build a complex series of beliefs on top of. What I mean by this is that the path from basic foundational beliefs to derived beliefs would be very tricky to bridge. Pritchard used the example of believing 2+2=4 as infallible. How then, he argued, would he deduce from this belief that he is sitting at his desk? The problem with suggesting the foundational belief must be infallible is that it is too strict. Logical entailment’- where p logically follows a proposition q, therefore p cannot be true without q being true- is a key part of foundationalism, and so foundationalists with the belief that foundational beliefs must be truly infallible have to deal with this problem (Foundationalism, n. d. ). In response to this, Pritchard goes on to say you could argue that fallible beliefs perhaps could be used as a foundation. The reasoning for this is because infallible beliefs are too strict so perhaps the only option is to open up to such beliefs.An example would be sensory beliefs; perhaps these should be accepted as foundational beliefs. However he acknowledges that this does create another problem: that you would have to argue why you think these deserve to be foundational beliefs. Surely though, sensory beliefs such as ‘there is a book on my desk because ‘I can see it’ have some doubt, and still require justification of their own? The doubt I am referring to is you could, however unlikely, be ha llucinating the book and therefore are not fully justified in believing it is there.Your senses cannot be fully trusted. You would have to then justify, surely, ‘how do you know your eyes are seeing a book and your brain isn’t just hallucinating’, and by doing this you are proving that sensory beliefs are not fully grounded foundational beliefs. This argument is similar to the ‘evil demon argument’ and dream argument’, as they also dismiss sensory beliefs as foundational (Descartes, 1641). This shows that fallible beliefs also have their problems. Some argue that these non-inferential justified beliefs simply don’t exist.Let’s say that statement P is claimed to be a non-inferential justified belief. For subject S to be justified in believing P is true, he must have a reason. He must also therefore have a belief in which gives him this reason to justify his believing in P. But how can this be, that S relies on another belief? By b eing inferentially justified, it has just contradicted itself (Pojman, n. d). However a counter for this by some foundationalists would simply be that there needn’t be a reason for believing P but P itself, as is the definition of a ‘self-justifiable’ belief.So, I believe the argument for foundationalism is a good one because as finite beings we cannot deal with an infinite chain of justifications. There must be a bottom, such as Descartes foundational belief. I cannot, however, ignore the arguments against foundationalism. Fallible beliefs should be dismissed as they are flawed from the start, because claiming a belief that can be doubted as fully-grounded is doomed to fail from the start. The problem of moving basic beliefs on to more complex derived beliefs is harder to counter, but I’d still say that infallible foundational beliefs are still the strongest argument for foundationalism.Perhaps it is just that no philosopher has yet discovered undeniable non-inferrential foundational beliefs so far. Word count – 1140 Bibliography Descartes, R (1641) ‘Meditations on First Philosophy’, in John Cottingham (ed) ‘Meditations on First Philosophy: Cambridge University Press, 13-15, 17 Fumerton, R. (2002) ‘Conditions and Analyses of Knowing’, in Moser, P. (ed. ) The Oxford Handbook of Epistemology Oxford: OUP, 204-33. Foundationalism. (1999) [ONLINE] Available at: ]. Pojman, [ONLINE] Available at: [Accessed 18 November 12] Pritchard, D. (2006) What is this thing called knowledge? London: Routledge, 39-41

Music Review essays

Music Review essays The CD called Stripped by Christina Aguilera is the best Album that she has done so far in her singing career. Christina has gone from a pop-icon to a soulful R Christina is not another Britney Spears. A lot of critics like to compare Christina to Britney. Christinas voice clearly is more mature and powerful then Britney Spears. Also like most performers she sings her songs live which brings out her true talent. Britney on the other hand in my opinion does not impress me at all. Her lyrics are not as personal. Britney does not allow her fans to get up close and personal with her like Christina does. When Christina first released the album Stripped, her first single introduced was a song called Dirrty which misrepresented the rest of her CD. I will have to admit that the song Dirrty is not a favorite song of mine. In fact that is the only song that I never play. The rest of her songs like Beautiful stand out extremely well. Her vocals remind me of Alicia Keys, Whitney Houston and Mariah Carey. Christina Aguilera is more grown up and secure with her appearance and most important her voice. This CD is more personal and in touch with Christina. Including her rocky past. She focuses on her abusive father and failed relationships. On track number 19 called Im Ok she tells about her father. The whole song is personal and clearly states her true inner feelings towards her father. She sings about the abuse and how her father hurt Christina and her mother. Bruises fade father but the pain remains the same and I still remember how you kept me so afraid Strength is my mother for all the love ...

art reflection Essay

art reflection Essay art reflection Essay My assignment was to get five sketches of an animal of my choice from a magazine onto my sketch book. Then after that I had to get the sketches and show them to Mrs. Premo to get her approval. Once she gave me the okay she gave me tracing paper and I traced the sketches into a collage. After we have done that we go to the light tables to trace once more onto the final project paper. Then we go over that with pen and add the details to the final product. I ended up with at least three of our sketches on the final product in pen with shading and value and perception. Some new knowledge that I learned before starting the project was how to properly use a pen when shading. Mrs. Premo showed us how to use stippling, hatching, and cross hatching. That really helped me during my project because otherwise I would have not known how to shade. One way I planned my project was by drawing sketches in my sketch book and then I chose which drawing I would continue drawing. The media that I used wa s pen because that’s what our unit was about. I use many rough drafts before begging because if not then I would have most likely messed up on the hatching that I did. The first thing that I did to make this project was to first get five sketches of an animal from a magazine onto my sketch book. Then after that I had to get the sketches and show them to Mrs. Premo to get her approval. Once she gave her okay she gave me tracing paper and I traced the sketches into a collage. After I got done with that we go to the light tables to trace once more onto the final project paper. Then we go over that with pen and add the details to the final product. One part of the assignment that was hard was to choose an animal to draw because there was so many but that wasn’t the biggest problem it was trying to get the fur right because I did a cheetah. One thing I would change

Debate on vaccination Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Debate on vaccination - Essay Example For instance, the vaccination against smallpox used cowpox, which was a poxvirus resembling smallpox to defend against it but did not cause any major illness. Vaccinations are done during the formative years of a person’s life even though this does not hinder an adult to go for vaccination. Children die of diseases each year since they are susceptible to infections due to their fragile immune systems. They are weak because they are young, and their bodies have not built immunities to these diseases. Therefore, the best way to protect children from such diseases is through vaccination (Sprigg 32). Several parents believe that vaccines are not safe for their children. However, it is more painful when a young life is taken by the infection of a killer disease because the child was not vaccinated. Ailments kill children each year. Children are more susceptible to infection due to their feeble immune systems. They are weak because they have not yet stayed alive enough to develop mechanisms for fighting infections. â€Å"†¦Unlike remedial treatment, vaccination provides a lifetime of protection from deadly diseases†¦and ensure healthier children, families and communities.† (Seth). Although vaccinating children can help prevent certain diseases, there are still many parent that are refusing to vaccinate their children. Vaccines against disease such as polio and MMR should be mandatory for all children who wish to attend school. These vaccinations can control the spread of deadly diseases, help protect children that are not able to get vaccinated and can save family time and money. However, many parents and guardians have failed or refused to take their children for vaccination due to a number of ideologies that have been propagated about vaccination over time. Some of the ideologies have been brought about by fears while others by misconceptions about the process of immunization

Fruit of the Loom Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Fruit of the Loom - Research Proposal Example The main focus of the business is on producing consumer clothing of wide range catering to the needs from children to senior citizens. The overall business model of the firm is based upon selling its merchandize to chain stores and other outlets which than sell out the products of the company to the general public. The overall product range of the firm is really diverse and includes underwear as well as designer socks aimed at mass market accessed through these superstores and other chain stores. Fruit of the Loom does not sell directly to its customers through its own outlets. Firm also sells designer socks and sell them in different varieties aimed at different target customers. The overall range of socks includes designer socks for men, women, boys, girls as well as toddlers. This diversified range of products therefore caters to different needs of the customers while at the same time provides essential utility. The different ranges according to gender however are further divided into suitable categories such as â€Å"Everyday Basics†, â€Å"Stays Back†, â€Å"Odor Special†, â€Å"Sport Stretch†.1 The range of designer socks therefore covers almost every market segment and is rightly placed in the market to cater to the needs of mass market while at the same time offer designer looks and utilities. ... Such situation therefore may indicate that overall demand for designer socks may be low as consumers may not be willing to spend on high priced items. Social & demographic factors Designer clothing always suggest prestige and honor and those who use such type of clothing often attempt to build such image. As such designer products are often used by the consumers falling in high income earning groups. Technological trends Technology is shifting towards making designer socks fit to different needs of the consumers. Add-ons such as ankle support, no-fading of colors, odor-control technology etc are some of the key technological changes which will further create niches in the market. Firms focusing on offering such technological add-ons therefore can certainly be dominating in the market. Regulatory issues Regulatory issues may come in the form of health related regulations which may force firms to adapt certain technologies and practices which can reduce the health risk associated with the use of such products. Further, issues like improper labor standards, child labor as well as unhygienic conditions in countries from where raw material is imported can create significant challenges for the firms to deal with. Five Forces Analysis Threat of new entrants Though the overall cost of entry may be not be relatively high however, it may be relatively difficult for newcomers to dominate a market which is full of already established players in the market. Though consumers may prefer a certain image or attachment with a designer brand however an innovative product by a new entrant can disrupt the market. As such the overall threat of new entrants may be